Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater

Review Paper

Advancements and applications of nanomembranes for sustainable wastewater treatment: A technical perspective

Nikta Shahcheraghi; Sahand Shafeei; Zahra Mostafaei; Soroush Namjoufar

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 1-10

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.11681.1353

Abstract

Providing safe and clean water for a rapidly growing population is a critical global challenge. Nanotechnology-based membranes, or nanomembranes, represent a promising pathway toward sustainable wastewater treatment. Their ultra-thin, highporosity structure can offer superior contaminant removal, enhanced ... Read More

Research Paper

Robust drought trend assessment using multi-index and dual-distribution frameworks in semi-arid climates

Hedieh Ahmadpari; Vitaly Khaustov; Ata Amini

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 11-21

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.13326.1458

Abstract

This study explores agricultural drought variability by applying both classical and rank-based statistical methods within two distinct probabilistic frameworks, aiming to assess how distribution choice affects the interpretation of drought patterns. Monthly meteorological data from 1998 to 2022 were ... Read More

Research Paper

Heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of ciprofloxacin over CuFe/Al₂O₃: Multi-variable optimization by Box Behnken design and kinetic interpretation

Neha Kulshreshtha; Vishal Kumar Sandhwar; Alok Tiwari; Shivendu Saxena; Ashish Mishra

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 22-30

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.13029.1425

Abstract

Ciprofloxacin (CIP), as a commonly used fluoroquinolone antibiotic, is frequently detected in pharmaceutical effluents and aquatic environments and poses significant microbiological hazards due to low biodegradability and high stability. In this study, heterogeneous catalytic oxidation of ciprofloxacin ... Read More

Research Paper

Scalable production of steam-activated wool carbon for highly efficient Cr(VI) adsorption

Sara Heshmatian; Hooman Bakhshi; Shohreh Azizi; Itani Given Madiba

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 31-40

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.13300.1455

Abstract

This study presents a sustainable approach for converting waste sheep wool into high-performance activated carbon for Cr(VI) removal from aqueous solutions. Chemical (NaOH) and steam activation routes were evaluated, and steam activation at 900 °C for 3 h in a rotary furnace produced the optimal ... Read More

Research Paper

Explaining evapotranspiration dynamics via CNN-LSTM and temporal SHAP: a multi-step forecasting approach across diverse climates

Moein Tosan; Afshin Shayeghi; Javad Teymouri; Aydin Bakhtar

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 41-49

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.13312.1456

Abstract

Reliable multi-step-ahead forecasting of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is critical for proactive water resource management, yet understanding the temporal memory of hydrological systems remains a challenge for black-box deep learning models. This study presents a novel, interpretable forecasting ... Read More

Research Paper

Comparing steady and unsteady hydraulic modeling for flood analysis with satellite imagery in Kermanshah

Maryam Hafezparast Mavaddat; Rasool Ghobadian; Sadaf Gord

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 50-64

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.11922.1360

Abstract

Floods rank among the most destructive natural disasters worldwide, with their frequency and intensity amplified by climate change. This study presents an integrated approach combining hydraulic modeling and multi-sensor satellite data to improve floodplain mapping accuracy during the April 3, 2019 flood ... Read More

Research Paper

Trend analysis of River water quality: A case study on Gadar-Chai River

Neda Jafari; Yagob Dinpashoh; Ahmad Fakheri-Fard

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 65-78

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.11727.1355

Abstract

Water quality in rivers is a critical concern in hydrology. This study examines the Gadar-Chai River, situated within Iran's Urmia Lake basin, utilizing data from four selected hydrometric stations: Oshnavieh, Polebahramlu, Bighaleh, and Naghadeh. An improved Water Quality Index (ImpWQI) was calculated ... Read More

Research Paper

Spatial distribution of indicator bacteria in Khersan-3 dam waters, Lordegan County, Southwestern Iran

Zahra Yaghoubzadeh; Hassan Nasrollahzadeh Saravi; Sharareh Firouzkandian

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 79-84

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12979.1423

Abstract

The Khersan River, the largest tributary of the Karun River, is regulated by the Khersan-3 Dam, constructed for flood control, irrigation management, and hydropower generation. Despite its strategic importance, no comprehensive study has previously assessed microbial water quality in this reservoir, ... Read More The Khersan River, the largest tributary of the Karun River, is regulated by the Khersan-3 Dam, constructed for flood control, irrigation management, and hydropower generation. Despite its strategic importance, no comprehensive study has previously assessed microbial water quality in this reservoir, particularly under the pressure of intensive agricultural activities in the watershed. This study investigated heterotrophic bacteria, total and fecal coliforms, and protozoan (Giardia and Cryptosporidium) contamination in the Khersan-3 sub-basin. Monthly sampling was carried out from November 2023 to October 2024 at five stations using sterile glass bottles (100 ml) from the surface layer (20 cm depth). For protozoan detection, 10 liter samples were collected at Station 5. Results showed seasonal and spatial variations in microbial indicators. The highest mean concentration of heterotrophic bacteria was observed in autumn 2023 (6.237 Log CFU/100 ml), while the lowest occurred in summer 2024 (4.507 Log CFU/100 ml) (p<0.05). Total coliforms reached their maximum in winter 2023 (3.822 Log CFU/100 ml) and decreased to a minimum of 2.509 Log CFU/100 ml in summer 2024 (p<0.05). However, seasonal variations in the mean density of fecal coliforms were not statistically significant (p>0.05). Across stations, the densities of heterotrophs, total coliforms, and fecal coliforms did not differ significantly (p>0.05). Cryptosporidium was undetected in all samples, whereas no significant difference was found in Giardia occurrence among seasons, despite detection in approximately 40% of spring samples (p>0.05). This study provides the first evidence of substantial temporal and spatial fluctuations in indicator bacteria across the Khersan-3 Dam watershed, highlighting the influence of hydrological and anthropogenic drivers. The findings emphasize the need for targeted management actions, including continuous microbial surveillance, stricter control of agricultural runoff, and improved water treatment practices to safeguard public health and aquaculture sustainability.

Research Paper

Transitioning from command-and-control measures to market-based mechanisms for sustainable groundwater governance in hyper-arid regions

Ali Nasirian; Raziyeh Shamshirgaran; Moein Tosan

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 85-93

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.13559.1477

Abstract

Despite concerted efforts to stabilize groundwater levels in arid regions through engineering interventions, aquifer depletion remains a critical challenge, often exacerbated by a disconnect between rigid top-down policies and local socio-economic realities. This study presents a forensic hydro-institutional ... Read More

Research Paper

Experimental evaluation of discharge coefficient and performance of sloped and Non-sloped rectangular and trapezoidal piano key weirs

Morteza Shokri; Ali Gholami

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 94-100

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.11468.1350

Abstract

The discharge of sloped piano key weirs (PKWs) is proportionate to the upstream head, which allows for improving hydraulic performance under various conditions. This study experimentally investigates the discharge coefficient and hydraulic performance of sloped and non-sloped PKWs with rectangular and ... Read More

Research Paper

Pathogen removal from simulated hospital wastewater via plant-mediated Ag nanoparticles synthesized with Ferula assa-foetida extract

Hassan Koohestani; Ali Balooch

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 101-108

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12392.1387

Abstract

The present study outlines the production of AgNPs through a green synthesis method utilizing the water extract of Ferula assa-foetida leaves. In contrast to earlier studies that mainly focused on the plant's gum, this research used an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method for the leaf tissues. FTIR ... Read More

Research Paper

PVP versus trimesic acid in PES membranes: A direct comparative study of morphology, permeability and antifouling response

Azar Asadi; Soheila Hamidi; Samin Sedaghatfard; Hadi Naderi

Volume 13, Issue 1 , June 2026, Pages 109-116

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.13123.1441

Abstract

This study presents a direct comparative and synergistic investigation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and trimesic Acid (TMA) as additives for polyethersulfone (PES) membranes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that PVP primarily acts as a pore-forming agent, while TMA induces a finer, ... Read More

Developing a framework for compatibility analysis of predictive climatic variables distribution with reference evapotranspiration in probabilistic analysis of water requirement

Ehsan Fadaei Kermani; Gholam Abbas Barani; Mohamad Javad Khanjani

Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 66-73

Abstract

In this paper, a new framework has been developed for compatibility analysis of predictive climatic variables distribution with reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in probabilistic analysis of water requirement. Initially, measured monthly meteorological data of four cities of Iran including Kerman, Shiraz, ... Read More

Implementation of the skyline algorithm in finite-element computations of Saint-Venant equations

Reza Karimi; Ali Akbar Akhtari; Omid Seyedashraf

Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 61-65

Abstract

Solving a large sparse set of linear equations is of the problems widely seen in every numerical investigation in the entire range of engineering disciplines. Employing a finite element approach in solving partial derivative equations, the resulting stiffness matrices would contain many zero-valued elements. ... Read More

Preparation and characterization of a high antibiofouling ultrafiltration PES membrane using OCMCS-Fe3O4 for application in MBR treating wastewater

Zahra Rahimi; Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh; Sirus Zinadini

Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 13-17

Abstract

An innovative method based on the membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology was developed as a potential remedy for the water shortage. MBRs attracted much attention in the ﬁeld of wastewater treatment and reuse. It is reported from many researchers that membrane bioreactor technology is feasible and an ... Read More

Optimization of dye removal from aqueous Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) by Trametessp. Pellets

Parviz Mohamadi; Liza Ferina; Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar; Shaliza Ibrahim

Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 1-5

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2014.43

Abstract

Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) by Trametessp. Pellets was studied in a batch reactor. Dye removal process was performed in shaken flasks which contained 100 ml of RBBR aqueous solution and fungal pellets. The process was followed for 48 h and the dye removal was analyzed at a visible ... Read More

Removal, preconcentration and determination of methyl red in water samples using silica coated magnetic nanoparticles

Masoud Shariati-Rad; Mohsen Irandoust; Somayyeh Amri; Mostafa Feyzi; Fattaneh Ja’fari

Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 6-12

Abstract

A method was developed for removal, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of methyl red based on SiO2-coated Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles. The influence of pH, dosage of adsorbent and contact time on the adsorption of dye was explored by central composite design. The kinetic ... Read More

Review Paper

Hazardous Impacts of Unlined Landfills/Open Dumpsites on the Environment

Ovaoiza A. Joy; Onyenweife Ifesinachi Geraldine; Abdulmalik Onimisi Danga

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 December 2025

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12369.1385

Abstract

Global waste production is estimated to increase to 3.4 billion metric tons by 2050, of which 69% of waste disposal, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, is discharged through unlined landfills/open dumpsites. This study examines the toxic effects of unlined landfills/open dumpsites on environmental and ... Read More Global waste production is estimated to increase to 3.4 billion metric tons by 2050, of which 69% of waste disposal, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, is discharged through unlined landfills/open dumpsites. This study examines the toxic effects of unlined landfills/open dumpsites on environmental and public health. Based on geophysical and hydrochemical data from literature, the study reveals a low subsurface resistivity between 4.2 – 34 Ωm around dumpsite-affected areas, indicating severe groundwater contamination, while a high subsurface resistivity >120 Ωm noted at control points suggests little or no contamination, depending on the nature of the terrain. Samples from surface and groundwater registered elevated heavy metal (HM) levels beyond WHO limits, with groundwater varying between 0.005 – 2.430 mg/L, surface water recorded a higher concentration of HMs, with the highest concentration (≤7.5 mg/L) noted in the Challawa River, Nigeria, where waste materials are discharged into the river at will. Methane released from landfill gas amounts to 40 million metric tons annually, which accounts for 7.5% of global methane emissions. Temperatures observed with landfills ranged between 32°C and 60°C, increasing greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Such practices result in the release of toxic gases and heavy metal leachates, which pose serious long-term threats to the environment as well as to public health. The adoption of clean technologies such as waste-to-energy solutions and sanitary landfills is a major constraint, but necessary in these fast-growing urban areas. In conclusion, the current unlined landfills/open dumpsites practice, especially in developing nations, is unsustainable. A need for a shift towards sanitary landfills, integrated waste management, recycling, and climate-resilient policies is imperative to mitigate this pervasive contamination and steer towards a sustainable, waste-conscious future

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Research Paper

Predicting Optimal Wastewater Discharge Locations Using Supervised Machine Learning: A Comparative Study of ANFIS, Regression, and Ensemble Models

Brintha Malar C; Siva Sankar K

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 13 February 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.12964.1421

Abstract

A significant source of water pollution, industrial effluents degrade water quality and jeopardize ecological equilibrium. In order to solve this problem, this study suggests an automated system that uses supervised learning techniques to anticipate the best places for wastewater disposal. The method ... Read More

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Research Paper

Evaluating sustainable water and wastewater management strategies for Kerman city: A life cycle assessment approach

Payam Salajegheh; Mohammad Hossein Niksokhan; Hossein Vahidi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 February 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.12192.1373

Abstract

This study evaluates four alternative water and wastewater management scenarios for Kerman City using Life cycle assessment based on the ReCiPe 2016 Midpoint (H) method and the World (2010) H normalization and weighting set. The scenarios include: (1) pre-industrial baseline without centralized sewage ... Read More

Research Paper

Developing an indigenous model for aligning urban water supply and demand strategies with a circular economy approach in Iran

Zahra Mousavi; Mehrdad Hosseini Shakib; SeyedJavad Iranbanfard

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 February 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.12638.1398

Abstract

This research aims to develop an indigenous model for aligning urban water supply and demand strategies with a circular economy approach in Iran. The research methodology was qualitative, employing thematic analysis, with data collected through semi-structured interviews with 13 experts from Iran's water ... Read More

Research Paper

Using of ozonation/ photocatalyitc processes for dye wastewater treatment

Farhad Qaderi; Amir Hossein Norouzi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 April 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.12768.1408

Abstract

In this research, the capability of two improved photocatalytic (immobilized-suspended) and hybrid (Ozonation/Improved photocatalytic) method were studied to treat wastewater containing azo dye of Red 40. Hybrid process had the best efficiency for dye concentration of 50 mg/L with pH of 9 and TiO2 concentration ... Read More

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Research Paper

Novel approach for assessing reservoir water quality using the water quality index: A case study on Talvar Dam reservoir, Kurdistan, Iran

Sina Pakmanesh; Seyyed Mohammad Shoaei

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 April 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.12498.1393

Abstract

In this study, by modeling water temperature and some quality parameters using the CE-QUAL-W2 numerical model during different months of the year in the Talvar Dam reservoir, the thermal stratification and mixing times were determined. According to the temperature profile in thermal stratification period, ... Read More

Research Paper

Optimal Redesign of Urban Surface Water Collection Network Using Hybrid SWMM-GIS with Cellular Automata and Genetic Algorithm

Saeed Amiry; Nazila Kardan; Mehdi Dini

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 02 May 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.13178.1444

Abstract

Urban stormwater drainage networks in rapidly growing cities often suffer from undersized infrastructure, leading to frequent flooding and high rehabilitation costs. While evolutionary algorithms have been widely applied to optimize pipe diameters and layouts, existing approaches typically employ single-objective ... Read More

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Research Paper

Optimization of the photo-Fenton process for Congo red removal from synthetic wastewater using the Box-Behnken

Majid Mohadesi; Navid Amjadian

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 May 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.13357.1460

Abstract

This study investigates the efficiency of the photo-Fenton process in removing Congo red dye from synthetic wastewater. Considering the importance of eliminating colored pollutants from the environment, this research examines the effect of key operational parameters, including Fe2O3 concentration (10, ... Read More

Research Paper

A differential evolution algorithm based on the learning automata technique for optimizing the allocation of water resources in a single reservoir system

Amir Dadrasmoghadam; ali sardar shahraki; Mahmoud Hashemitabar; hossein mohammadi; Seyed Mahdi Hosseini

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 June 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.12241.1376

Abstract

Optimal efficiency of dam reservoirs is considered as one of the important problems in water resources management. Evolution algorithms have been presented as an intelligent technique to establish a suitable trade-off between reservoir of water resources and their release rates. In this study, a new ... Read More

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Research Paper

Strategic synergy of ozonation and ultrafiltration for fouling control and RO membrane protection

Mahdi Elyasi Kojabad

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 June 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.13676.1479

Abstract

Reverse osmosis (RO) membrane fouling poses a significant challenge to sustainable water treatment operations, particularly in industrial applications. This study investigates the strategic synergy of an integrated ozonation-ultrafiltration (O₃-UF) pretreatment system utilizing a custom-fabricated ... Read More

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Research Paper

A comparative study of deep learning and benchmark models for monthly urban water demand forecasting

Zahra Ghafari Moghadam; Ali Sardar Shahraki; Abdulhaseeb Azizi; Somayyeh Mirshekari

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 June 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.13557.1476

Abstract

Accurate forecasting of urban water demand is essential for effective water resources management, especially in arid and water-stressed regions. This study evaluates the performance of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models for forecasting monthly urban potable water ... Read More

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Research Paper

Normalized sensitivity indices for prioritizing dynamic stability of Bratsk concrete gravity dam under extreme flood loading using CADAM

Kamran Mohammadi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 10 June 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.13164.1443

Abstract

Concrete gravity dams must maintain adequate resistance against hydraulic and seismic loading to ensure structural safety and long-term operational performance. Reliable assessment of sliding, overturning, uplift pressure, and stress concentration is therefore essential, particularly under extreme flood ... Read More Concrete gravity dams must maintain adequate resistance against hydraulic and seismic loading to ensure structural safety and long-term operational performance. Reliable assessment of sliding, overturning, uplift pressure, and stress concentration is therefore essential, particularly under extreme flood and earthquake conditions. In this study, the stability behavior of the Bratsk concrete gravity dam was investigated using the CADAM computational platform under normal operation, flood loading, and pseudo-dynamic seismic conditions. The methodology involved two-dimensional static and pseudo-dynamic analyses based on rigid-body equilibrium and modal force combination principles. Hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, uplift, sediment, self-weight, and seismic inertia forces were incorporated into the numerical model, and safety factors were evaluated at multiple joints along the dam–foundation interface. In addition, a normalized sensitivity index (NSI) framework was developed and integrated with the CADAM outputs to quantify the relative influence of governing mechanical and hydraulic parameters, including foundation friction, uplift efficiency, and hydrodynamic shear forces, on the stability response of individual joints. The results showed that the dam remained stable under normal operating conditions, whereas flood loading generated the most critical response, with the minimum Sliding Safety Factor (SSF) decreasing to 0.856 at Joint 9 and the minimum Overturning Safety Factor (OSF) reaching 1.423 at Joint 10. Pseudo-dynamic analyses further indicated that inertial forces became concentrated near the dam base, where combined modal forces exceeded −16,000 kN. The NSI-based sensitivity analysis reveals that frictional resistance (NSI = +1.00) and hydrodynamic shear forces (NSI = –0.85) at Joint 9, as well as uplift pressure effects (NSI = –0.72) at Joint 10, are the dominant parameters affecting stability.. The proposed NSI-enhanced framework improves the interpretation of localized instability mechanisms and supports more effective prioritization of reinforcement and foundation treatment strategies in concrete gravity dams.

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Research Paper

Assessing and mitigating the thermodynamic biases of satellite precipitation products in a water-scarce environment

Mahdi Naseri; Mitra Noorizehab

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 June 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.13707.1480

Abstract

Accurate precipitation estimation in hyper-arid regions is fundamentally challenged by sparse observational networks and complex atmospheric dynamics. This study evaluates and corrects the errors of IMERG (Final V07) and GSMaP satellite precipitation products using 18 years (2005–2023) of daily ... Read More

Journal Metrics
Publication Start Year:	2014
Number of Volumes	13
Number of Issues	25
Number of Articles	265
Number of Contributors	676
Article View	314,377
PDF Download	326,843
View Per Article	1186.33
PDF Download Per Article	1233.37
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Number of Submissions	489
Rejected Submissions	96
Accepted Submissions	44
Acceptance Rate	20 %
Number of Indexing Databases	44
Number of Reviewers	1242

Volume 13 (2026)

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Volume 11 (2024)

Volume 10 (2023)

Volume 9 (2022)

Volume 8 (2021)

Volume 7 (2020)

Volume 6 (2019)

Volume 5 (2018)

Volume 4 (2017)

Volume 3 (2016)

Volume 2 (2015)

Volume 1 (2014)

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