Advancements and applications of nanomembranes for sustainable wastewater treatment: A technical perspective

Shahcheraghi, Nikta; Shafeei, Sahand; Mostafaei, Zahra; Namjoufar, Soroush

doi:10.22126/arww.2026.11681.1353

Document Type : Review Paper

Authors

¹ Institute for Nanoscale Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Australia.

² Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Grainger College of Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana- Champaign, Urbana, USA.

³ Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.

⁴ Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Environment, University of Tehran, Kish International Campus, Kish, Iran.

10.22126/arww.2026.11681.1353

Abstract

Providing safe and clean water for a rapidly growing population is a critical global challenge. Nanotechnology-based membranes, or nanomembranes, represent a promising pathway toward sustainable wastewater treatment. Their ultra-thin, highporosity structure can offer superior contaminant removal, enhanced flux, and lower energy consumption compared to conventional membranes. This review addresses both the fundamental principles and the latest advancements of nanomembranes, with an emphasis on the practical hurdles that currently impede widespread industrial adoption. Issues such as fouling, short operational lifespans, and cost barriers are discussed. In addition, the text highlights emerging materials and fabrication strategies, including two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets such as
graphene oxide and MXenes, as well as composite membranes integrated with metal-organic frameworks or covalent organic frameworks. Real-world applications are summarized, along with a discussion of how specialized membrane designs can reduce fouling in large-scale treatment plants. The review concludes by proposing future research directions that could make nanomembrane technologies both economically viable and environmentally safe, and by illustrating how these novel systems can be scaled up to help achieve global clean-water sustainability goals.

Keywords

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Advancements and applications of nanomembranes for sustainable wastewater treatment: A technical perspective

References

References

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript Available Online from 02 February 2026

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 02 February 2026