Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater

Research Paper

Experimental comparison of discharge coefficient of A-type piano key and labyrinth side weirs with different heights

Saeid Jeddi; Jalal Sadeghian

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 128-135

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12064.1369

Abstract

Hydraulic structures have a long history, with weirs being among the earliest developed; a notable example of these is the side weir. Side weirs are of different shapes, including a nonlinear weir installed on the dam crest. Weirs with nonlinear designs come in various forms, like labyrinth and piano ... Read More

Research Paper

Mercury removal from industrial wastewater using activated carbon synthesized from natural shells

Rozita Moradi; Majid Mohadesi

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 136-143

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12281.1378

Abstract

The aim of this research was to separate mercury from gold refining wastewater using activated carbon (AC) from natural shells. To this end, walnut and coconut shells were used as the main source of AC. The characterizations of both ACs were compared by FTIR, BET, and SEM analyses. The FTIR results revealed ... Read More

Research Paper

Mechanisms of solution pH effects on the adsorption process efficiency: A theoretical and experimental study

Mukhtar Dhajir Shubber; Mohammed Kadhum Al kasser; Daryoush Yousefi Kebria

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 144-149

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.11358.1348

Abstract

The study aims to show the role of pH value and the feasible mechanisms that affect the adsorption capacity by the theoretical concept and experimental work. The protonation, ionization, hydrophobicity, dissociation, precipitation, hydrolysis, hydroxylation, electrical repulsion or interaction, ion exchange, ... Read More

Research Paper

The role of media type on the performance of the moving bed biofilm reactor in removal of 4-nitrophenol from wastewater

Mahdi Ghaderi; Ali Attarzadeh

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 150-156

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.9774.1313

Abstract

Oily pollutants, such as 4-nitrophenol, are unavoidable problems. One of the methods employed for treating wastewater polluted with 4-nitrophenol is the use of moving bed biofilm reactors (MBBRs). The present research compared, for the first time, the two common types of media (Kaldness K1 and Bee Cell ... Read More

Research Paper

Green synthesis of Cu-doped TiO2 nanoparticles via Cannabis Sativa Leaves for efficient adsorption of cationic dyes from wastewater

Seyed Mehdi Sajjadi; Ghader Hosseinzadeh

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 157-166

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12327.1379

Abstract

In this study, 5 wt. %Cu-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized through a green and sustainable method, utilizing Cannabis sativa leaf extract as a reducing agent to promote eco-friendly wastewater treatment. The NPs were characterized using XRD, FESEM, BET, EDAX, and TEM, revealing uniform ... Read More

Research Paper

Assessing the suitability of gridded precipitation products for hydro-climatic applications in a sparsely Gauged arid basin of Iran

Ali Nasirian; Mahsa Mardani

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 167-177

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12654.1400

Abstract

Hydro-climatic research and water resource management in arid, data-scarce regions depend fundamentally on precise precipitation data. This study presents the first comprehensive, multi-scale evaluation of four prominent gridded precipitation products (GPPs)—TRMM, CHIRPS, GSMaP, and ERA5—in ... Read More

Research Paper

Modeling of phosphorus chemical precipitation in aqueous solutions using response surface methodology

Aghdas Afsharirad; Amir Hossein Sayyahzadeh; Shahriar Mahdavi

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 178-187

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12198.1374

Abstract

Phosphorus is one of the main limiting factors for eutrophication in water resources. According to the increasing population and the worsening of the healthy water shortage crisis in recent years, it is necessary to control the concentration of this element (phosphorus) in water resources. This study ... Read More Phosphorus is one of the main limiting factors for eutrophication in water resources. According to the increasing population and the worsening of the healthy water shortage crisis in recent years, it is necessary to control the concentration of this element (phosphorus) in water resources. This study was performed with the aim of phosphorus removal efficiency (PRE) and sludge volumetric index (SVI) modeling in the chemical precipitation process, and by using poly-aluminum chloride as a precipitator. In this study, the response surface method (RSM) was used based on the central composite design (CCD) to model the effects of pH, the precipitator concentration, mixing time, mixing speed, settling time, and phosphorus initial concentration on the two desired answers including PRE and SVI. Analysis of variances (ANOVA) of the responses showed that among the above factors, precipitator concentration, phosphorus initial concentration, and settling time on phosphorus removal efficiency has been significant. Also, the most important parameters affecting the sludge volume index were precipitator concentration, settling time, and pH. Phosphorus removal efficiency and sludge volume index under optimal condition (pH=7.46, poly-aluminum chloride concentration=104.85 mg/L, mixing time=133 s, mixing speed=152 rpm, settling time=36 min and phosphorus initial concentration= 6.33 mg/L) was predicted to be 84.68% and 151.79 mL/g, respectively. Based on the average responses obtained from three times experiment under predicted optimized conditions, the phosphorus removal efficiency was 80.03%, the sludge volumetric index was 200.07 mL/g. The predicted and obtained data from the experiments showed conformity, which indicates the accuracy of modeling. The findings of this study showed that the factors of precipitator concentration, settling time, and pH should be well controlled to manage the chemical precipitation process using poly-aluminum chloride.

Review Paper

On the unsteady friction for transient flow mechanics: A comprehensive review of models, applications and challenges

Kamran Mohammadi

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 188-197

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12408.1389

Abstract

A wide range of applied fluid mechanics problems are related to transient flows. In conventional analyses, the relationship between wall shear stress and average cross-sectional velocity — valid for steady flow — is often assumed to hold under unsteady conditions. This simplification, typically ... Read More

Research Paper

Green synthesized TiO₂–P25/WO₃ photocatalyst for methylene blue degradation under sunlight in a spherical reactor

Mahdi Jamshidi; Ali Amoozadeh

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 198-209

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12923.1419

Abstract

Nanostructured semiconductors have emerged as promising photocatalysts for sustainable wastewater purification. Among them, TiO₂–P25 (commercial TiO₂) is widely used; however, its wide band gap restricts visible light activity. A simple and eco friendly approach to overcome this limitation ... Read More

Research Paper

Mixing characteristic improvement of a wastewater treatment plant anerobic digester using CFD analysis

Seyed Hosein Arabfarashahi; Shahram Talebi

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 210-218

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12055.1368

Abstract

In this paper the influence of the operational and geometrical parameters on the mixing and flow uniformity within an anaerobic digester is investigated. Anaerobic digestion is classified as single or multiphase flow reactor to produce biogas from processed organic waste. Within the digesters, mass transfer ... Read More

Review Paper

Overview of sugar distillery wastewater characteristics and the potential of nanomaterial adsorbents for treatment in Sindh, Pakistan

Mehwish Qaseem; Muhammad Yasir Khan; Muhammad Waseem Akhtar; Syed Zeeshan Abbass; Mehwish Altaf; Shakeel Ahmed; Muhammad Saquib Ali

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 219-233

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.11987.1364

Abstract

Distilleries produce substantial amounts of wastewater containing high concentrations of organic and inorganic pollutants, leading to serious environmental concerns. In Sindh, Pakistan, water resources are at risk owing to the inappropriate disposal of industrial distillery effluents, contaminating land ... Read More

Research Paper

Ethical considerations in global climate and environmental business practices

Maryam Ali Hussein; Haneen Waleed Hanna; Siham Kamel Mohammed Dawood; Ghazwan Salim Naamo; Riyam Alsammarraie; Saleh Mahmoudi; Ata Amini

Volume 12, Issue 2 , December 2025, Pages 234-242

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12359.1381

Abstract

Multinational corporations, seeking to reconcile economic goals with environmental stewardship, have found themselves at the center of an engaging academic discourse; one that has increasingly examined the role of ethical governance in promoting corporate environmental sustainability. This study analyses ... Read More

Developing a framework for compatibility analysis of predictive climatic variables distribution with reference evapotranspiration in probabilistic analysis of water requirement

Ehsan Fadaei Kermani; Gholam Abbas Barani; Mohamad Javad Khanjani

Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 66-73

Abstract

In this paper, a new framework has been developed for compatibility analysis of predictive climatic variables distribution with reference evapotranspiration (ETo) in probabilistic analysis of water requirement. Initially, measured monthly meteorological data of four cities of Iran including Kerman, Shiraz, ... Read More

Implementation of the skyline algorithm in finite-element computations of Saint-Venant equations

Reza Karimi; Ali Akbar Akhtari; Omid Seyedashraf

Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 61-65

Abstract

Solving a large sparse set of linear equations is of the problems widely seen in every numerical investigation in the entire range of engineering disciplines. Employing a finite element approach in solving partial derivative equations, the resulting stiffness matrices would contain many zero-valued elements. ... Read More

Preparation and characterization of a high antibiofouling ultrafiltration PES membrane using OCMCS-Fe3O4 for application in MBR treating wastewater

Zahra Rahimi; Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh; Sirus Zinadini

Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 13-17

Abstract

An innovative method based on the membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology was developed as a potential remedy for the water shortage. MBRs attracted much attention in the ﬁeld of wastewater treatment and reuse. It is reported from many researchers that membrane bioreactor technology is feasible and an ... Read More

Optimization of dye removal from aqueous Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) by Trametessp. Pellets

Parviz Mohamadi; Liza Ferina; Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar; Shaliza Ibrahim

Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 1-5

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2014.43

Abstract

Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) by Trametessp. Pellets was studied in a batch reactor. Dye removal process was performed in shaken flasks which contained 100 ml of RBBR aqueous solution and fungal pellets. The process was followed for 48 h and the dye removal was analyzed at a visible ... Read More

Removal, preconcentration and determination of methyl red in water samples using silica coated magnetic nanoparticles

Masoud Shariati-Rad; Mohsen Irandoust; Somayyeh Amri; Mostafa Feyzi; Fattaneh Ja’fari

Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 6-12

Abstract

A method was developed for removal, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of methyl red based on SiO2-coated Fe3O4magnetic nanoparticles. The influence of pH, dosage of adsorbent and contact time on the adsorption of dye was explored by central composite design. The kinetic ... Read More

Research Paper

Pathogen removal from simulated hospital wastewater via plant-mediated Ag nanoparticles synthesized with Ferula assa-foetida extract

Hassan Koohestani; Ali Balooch

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 October 2025

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12392.1387

Abstract

The present study outlines the production of AgNPs through a green synthesis method utilizing the water extract of Ferula assa-foetida leaves. In contrast to earlier studies that mainly focused on the plant's gum, this research used an ultrasonic-assisted extraction method for the leaf tissues. FTIR ... Read More

Research Paper

Comparing steady and unsteady hydraulic modeling for flood analysis with satellite imagery in Kermanshah

Maryam Hafezparast Mavaddat; Rasool Ghobadian; Sadaf Gord

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 26 November 2025

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.11922.1360

Abstract

Floods rank among the most destructive natural disasters worldwide, with their frequency and intensity amplified by climate change. This study presents an integrated approach combining hydraulic modeling and multi-sensor satellite data to improve floodplain mapping accuracy during the April 3, 2019 flood ... Read More

Research Paper

PVP versus Trimesic Acid in PES Ultrafiltration Membranes: A Direct Comparative Study of Morphology, Permeability and Antifouling Response

Azar Asadi; Soheila Hamidi; Samin Sedaghatfard; Hadi Naderi

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 December 2025

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.13123.1441

Abstract

This study presents a direct comparative and synergistic investigation of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and trimesic Acid (TMA) as additives for polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that PVP primarily acts as a pore-forming agent, while ... Read More

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Research Paper

Spatial Distribution of Indicator Bacteria in Khersan-3 Dam Waters, Lordegan County, Southwestern Iran

zahra yaghoubzadeh; Hassan Nasrollahzadeh Saravi; Sharareh Firouzkandian

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 December 2025

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12979.1423

Abstract

The Khersan River, the largest tributary of the Karun River, is regulated by the Khersan-3 Dam, constructed for flood control, irrigation management, and hydropower generation. Despite its strategic importance, no comprehensive study has previously assessed microbial water quality in this reservoir, ... Read More The Khersan River, the largest tributary of the Karun River, is regulated by the Khersan-3 Dam, constructed for flood control, irrigation management, and hydropower generation. Despite its strategic importance, no comprehensive study has previously assessed microbial water quality in this reservoir, particularly under the pressure of intensive agricultural activities in the watershed. This study investigated heterotrophic bacteria, total and fecal coliforms, and protozoan (Giardia and Cryptosporidium) contamination in the Khersan-3 sub-basin. Monthly sampling was carried out from November 2023 to October 2024 at five stations using sterile glass bottles (100 ml) from the surface layer (20 cm depth). For protozoan detection, 10 liter samples were collected at Station 5. Results showed seasonal and spatial variations in microbial indicators. The highest mean concentration of heterotrophic bacteria was observed in autumn 2023 (6.237 Log CFU/100 ml), while the lowest occurred in summer 2024 (4.507 Log CFU/100 ml) (p< 0.05). Total coliforms reached their maximum in winter 2023 (3.822 Log CFU/100 ml) and decreased to a minimum of 2.509 Log CFU/100 ml in summer 2024 (p< 0.05). Seasonally, significant differences were observed, with higher bacterial loads in autumn compared to summer (p<0.05). Across sampling sites, Station 5 showed significantly greater bacterial densities than other stations (p<0.05). Cryptosporidium was undetected in all samples, whereas no significant difference was found in Giardia occurrence among seasons, despite detection in approximately 40% of spring samples (p>0.05). This study provides the first evidence of substantial temporal and spatial fluctuations in indicator bacteria across the Khersan-3 Dam watershed, highlighting the influence of hydrological and anthropogenic drivers. The findings emphasize the need for targeted management actions, including continuous microbial surveillance, stricter control of agricultural runoff, and improved water treatment practices to safeguard public health and aquaculture sustainability.

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Review Paper

Hazardous Impacts of Unlined Landfills/Open Dumpsites on the Environment

Ovaoiza A. Joy; Onyenweife Ifesinachi Geraldine; Abdulmalik Onimisi Danga

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 December 2025

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2025.12369.1385

Abstract

Global waste production is estimated to increase to 3.4 billion metric tons by 2050, of which 69% of waste disposal, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, is discharged through unlined landfills/open dumpsites. This study examines the toxic effects of unlined landfills/open dumpsites on environmental and ... Read More Global waste production is estimated to increase to 3.4 billion metric tons by 2050, of which 69% of waste disposal, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, is discharged through unlined landfills/open dumpsites. This study examines the toxic effects of unlined landfills/open dumpsites on environmental and public health. Based on geophysical and hydrochemical data from literature, the study reveals a low subsurface resistivity between 4.2 – 34 Ωm around dumpsite-affected areas, indicating severe groundwater contamination, while a high subsurface resistivity >120 Ωm noted at control points suggests little or no contamination, depending on the nature of the terrain. Samples from surface and groundwater registered elevated heavy metal (HM) levels beyond WHO limits, with groundwater varying between 0.005 – 2.430 mg/L, surface water recorded a higher concentration of HMs, with the highest concentration (≤7.5 mg/L) noted in the Challawa River, Nigeria, where waste materials are discharged into the river at will. Methane released from landfill gas amounts to 40 million metric tons annually, which accounts for 7.5% of global methane emissions. Temperatures observed with landfills ranged between 32°C and 60°C, increasing greenhouse gas emissions and global warming. Such practices result in the release of toxic gases and heavy metal leachates, which pose serious long-term threats to the environment as well as to public health. The adoption of clean technologies such as waste-to-energy solutions and sanitary landfills is a major constraint, but necessary in these fast-growing urban areas. In conclusion, the current unlined landfills/open dumpsites practice, especially in developing nations, is unsustainable. A need for a shift towards sanitary landfills, integrated waste management, recycling, and climate-resilient policies is imperative to mitigate this pervasive contamination and steer towards a sustainable, waste-conscious future

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Research Paper

Trend analysis of River water quality: A case study on Gadar-Chai River

Neda Jafari; Yagob Dinpashoh; Ahmad Fakheri-Fard

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 20 January 2026

https://doi.org/10.22126/arww.2026.11727.1355

Abstract

Water quality in rivers is a critical concern in hydrology. This study examines the Gadar-Chai River, situated within Iran's Urmia Lake basin, utilizing data from four selected hydrometric stations: Oshnavieh, Polebahramlu, Bighaleh, and Naghadeh. An improved Water Quality Index (ImpWQI) was calculated ... Read More

Journal Metrics
Publication Start Year:	2014
Number of Volumes	12
Number of Issues	24
Number of Articles	246
Number of Contributors	628
Article View	293,481
PDF Download	305,719
View Per Article	1193.01
PDF Download Per Article	1242.76
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Number of Submissions	463
Rejected Submissions	96
Accepted Submissions	44
Acceptance Rate	20 %
Number of Indexing Databases	43
Number of Reviewers	1128

Volume 12 (2025)

Volume 11 (2024)

Volume 10 (2023)

Volume 9 (2022)

Volume 8 (2021)

Volume 7 (2020)

Volume 6 (2019)

Volume 5 (2018)

Volume 4 (2017)

Volume 3 (2016)

Volume 2 (2015)

Volume 1 (2014)

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