Research Paper
Sahar Hanifeh Dokht; Maghsud Solimanpur; Reza Babazadeh
Abstract
Integrated water resources management is a systematic process for sustainable development, allocation and monitoring of water resources that is used for social, economic and environmental purposes. In this study, a multi-period mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for urban water supply network ...
Read More
Integrated water resources management is a systematic process for sustainable development, allocation and monitoring of water resources that is used for social, economic and environmental purposes. In this study, a multi-period mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for urban water supply network management is proposed. The proposed model considers all echelons of water supply chain from supply centers to wastewater treatment centers. Also, the model optimizes the decisions such as selecting the suitable water supply centers and capacity level optimization. To verify and validate the proposed model a real case study is conducted in Urmia. The model is solved by the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) software and its results have been analyzed. According to the results, the optimal water supply centers, optimal water flow, optimal water inventory, and optimal capacity levels of wastewater treatment centers in different periods are determined. Also, in case of transferring the remaining additional treated water to Urmia lake, its level is increased by about 0.007 cm.
Research Paper
Mobin Eftekhari; Mohammad Akbari
Abstract
Detection of aquifer vulnerable areas can highlight preventive actions for groundwater contamination. Different models have been presented for the evaluation of vulnerability that one of the most regular and well-known models of the overlapping index as the SINTACS-LU (Soggiacence, actual infiltration, ...
Read More
Detection of aquifer vulnerable areas can highlight preventive actions for groundwater contamination. Different models have been presented for the evaluation of vulnerability that one of the most regular and well-known models of the overlapping index as the SINTACS-LU (Soggiacence, actual infiltration, non saturated zone, typology of overburden, hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer, hydraulic conductivity, topographic Slope) model was considered in this research. In fact, this model has been extended based on the impact of land use parameters in the vulnerability evaluation. Purpose of this study is the qualitative evaluation of Birjand plain aquifer vulnerability using the SINTACS-LU model. For this, the Birjand plain aquifer in the statistical periods of 2013-2018 has been evaluated. According to the results of this assessment, the SINTACS-LU vulnerability zoning map reveals that 15 percent of the studied region has the vulnerability of medium to high, 75 percent of the area has a high vulnerability, and 10 percent has the too high vulnerability. In order to the verification of the SINTACS-LU model, the relationship between the vulnerability index and the obtained nitrate concentration values from 21 groundwater samples were assessed. The correlation coefficient between the SINTACS-LU vulnerability index and the nitrate concentration was 75 percent, which indicates the appropriate correlation of this model with the nitrate concentration as the indicator of the groundwater contamination.
Research Paper
Amir Hosein Azimi; Saeid Shabanlou; Behrouz Yaghoubi
Abstract
In this paper, the hydraulic jump length on a slope rough floor is simulated through the extreme learning machine (ELM). Then, the parameters affecting the hydraulic jump on the slope rough bed are detected. After that, five different ELM model are developed so as to determine the influenced factor. ...
Read More
In this paper, the hydraulic jump length on a slope rough floor is simulated through the extreme learning machine (ELM). Then, the parameters affecting the hydraulic jump on the slope rough bed are detected. After that, five different ELM model are developed so as to determine the influenced factor. Next, the results obtained from different ELM models are analyzed. The comparison of the results with the experimental data proves the acceptable accuracy of the mentioned numerical models. Regarding the results from the numerical method, the superior ELM model estimates the hydraulic jump length in terms of the flow Froude number, the ratio of bed roughness, the ratio of sequent depths and bed slope. The values of the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percent error (MAPE), scatter index (SI) and correlation coefficient (R) for the superior model are respectively obtained 0.657, 3.507, 0.052 and 0.985. Based on the simulation, the flow Froude number at upstream is introduced as the most effective parameter in predicting the jump length on the sloping rough floor.
Research Paper
Farzaneh Shahbakhsh; Mahdi Safdari; Ali Sardar Shahraki
Abstract
Water is the basis of life, the foundation of nature, and the pillar of social, economic, and cultural development of societies. So, the supply of safe and consumable water has always been a concern. On the other hand, a major challenge of modern societies is the lack of precipitation and frequent droughts. ...
Read More
Water is the basis of life, the foundation of nature, and the pillar of social, economic, and cultural development of societies. So, the supply of safe and consumable water has always been a concern. On the other hand, a major challenge of modern societies is the lack of precipitation and frequent droughts. Thus, the present paper assesses the principles of water governance in the Sistan region with respect to the development of water exploitation systems with an environmental approach and presents an integrated multi-attribute decision-making model with a water governance approach in the Sistan region. The simple additive weighting (SAW) method that is used here is one of the multiple attribute decision making (MADM) methods. The indicators of water governance principles were derived from the opinions of 30 water experts, faculty members, and water users in the Sistan region by the SAW method, and weights were assigned to them to form MADM matrices. According to the results, six indicators were derived as the indicators determining the principles of water governance. ‘Traditional users’ was selected as the strongest system and ‘irrigation and drainage networks exploitation companies’ as the weakest system. Also, according to the results of water experts, the first rank was assigned to ‘irrigation and drainage networks exploitation companies’ (A2) with the final crisp score of 6.818 followed by ‘water user cooperatives’ (A4) with the final crisp score of 6.515 in the second rank and ‘private firms’ (A6) with the final crisp score of 6.308 in the third rank.
Research Paper
Mahdi Majedi-Asl; Rasoul Daneshfaraz; Mehdi Fuladipanah; John Abraham; Mohammad Bagherzadeh
Abstract
In this paper, two groups of datasets including Froehlich (1988) and USGS were implemented to simulate scour depth for bridge piers of three shapes (circular, sharp-nose and rectangular) using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The results of the SVM were compared with gene expression programming ...
Read More
In this paper, two groups of datasets including Froehlich (1988) and USGS were implemented to simulate scour depth for bridge piers of three shapes (circular, sharp-nose and rectangular) using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The results of the SVM were compared with gene expression programming (GEP) and the non-linear regression model. Independent parameters extracted using dimensional analysis were Froud number (Fr), the ratio of pier length to pier width (L/b), the ratio of sediment particle diameters (d50/d84), the ratio of sediment mean size to pier width (d50/b) and attack angle of water flow (α). Different combinations of independent variables were used to achieve optimum performance of the simulator. The results showed that among three simulators, the SVM algorithm had the best performance to predict local scour depth. The sensitivity analysis revealed that among independent parameters, the descending order of effectivity was Fr, sediment size, L/b, and α.
Research Paper
Mohammad Sadegh Talebi; Mehran Fatemi
Abstract
Growing water demand in various sectors including agriculture, industry, drinkingwater and eventually increasing production and risk of pollution have imposedmounting pressure on water resources. The relative stability of renewable waterresources makes it necessary to pay special attention to the conservation ...
Read More
Growing water demand in various sectors including agriculture, industry, drinkingwater and eventually increasing production and risk of pollution have imposedmounting pressure on water resources. The relative stability of renewable waterresources makes it necessary to pay special attention to the conservation andoptimal use of these resources, especially in desert areas such as Iran, and thisrequires careful and principle planning for the optimal use of existing waterresources. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method was adopted. The datawere collected from fifteen wells during an 8-year period (2010-2017). TheKolmogorov-Smirnov method was recruited to assess the normality of datadistribution. Also, since the classical data (water quality data) did not take intoaccount the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters, we used thegeostatistics for this purpose. The results suggested that the dominant groundwatertype in the Bahadoran region was sodium chloride (NaCl), which is highly volatile.This volatility can be attributed to cationic and anionic exchanges as well as thedissolution of salt and gypsum in the neogene formation of the region. On the otherhand, overexploitation and increasing drainage of agricultural, residential and evenindustrial wastewaters in the plain water resources have drastically influenced thegroundwater quality. In the second period of the studied period (2012-2013), thelevel of maximum classes of most parameters has increased compared to the firstperiod, and these changes have increased with a greater slope in the third period.According to the studies, the most important formations in terms of reservoir rock,feed source of alluvial plains and groundwater quality are lower cretaceouscalcareous sediments of Bahadoran.
Research Paper
Hadi Norouzi; Jalal Bazargan
Abstract
In engineering works, calculation of the peak zone of the flood is very important. Therefore, in the present study, a method was presented to increase the accuracy of the flood routing of the peak zone of the inflow hydrograph. The recorded data in the Ahwaz and Farsiat hydrometric stations were used, ...
Read More
In engineering works, calculation of the peak zone of the flood is very important. Therefore, in the present study, a method was presented to increase the accuracy of the flood routing of the peak zone of the inflow hydrograph. The recorded data in the Ahwaz and Farsiat hydrometric stations were used, both of which are related to the Karun river, Iran. In contrast to previous studies, in addition to calculating the coefficients of linear Muskingum method (X, K), the time interval (Δt) parameter was also optimized in the present study using the PSO algorithm. The results showed that if only the X and K coefficients were calculated, the mean relative error (MRE) of the peak zone for the first, second and third floods were equal to 8.34, 2.24, and 1.99 %, respectively. However, by using the optimized Δt value, the corresponding error decreased to 5.14, 0.44, and 1.08 %.
Research Paper
Mohammad Ali Zahed; Aeen Eftekhari; Hassan Hoveidi; Faranak Hejabi
Abstract
Sustainable development highly depends on how we manage various parts of the industry, and it plays a significant role in the sewage purge system to pay attention to the clutch reducer elements. Complementary procedures and technologies are needed to resolve water governance concerns, urging a rapid ...
Read More
Sustainable development highly depends on how we manage various parts of the industry, and it plays a significant role in the sewage purge system to pay attention to the clutch reducer elements. Complementary procedures and technologies are needed to resolve water governance concerns, urging a rapid alteration of the economics, engineering, and administration agendas to determine our generation's water challenges. Ekbatan Wastewater Treatment Plant (EWTP) confronts several problems that necessitate comprehensive and strategic planning and management. An analysis of strength-weakness-opportunity-threat (SWOT) and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) methods were used to investigate strategic factors. For scoring the proposed strategies, a group of experts who are familiar with environmental management was selected. Environmental factors were recognized and investigated. According to experts' opinions, important and unimportant factors were identified and prioritized. The most effective strategy to further strengthen the current situation is "expanding the treatment plant activities such as internal infrastructure and urban utilities to manage more waste."
Research Paper
Zahra Salehi Reyhani; Zahra Khoshnood
Abstract
In order to investigate the biofilm creating bacteria in drinking water of Ahvaz, Iran, 4 different types of frequently used kitchen dishes (made up of plastic, glass, zinc, and teflon) were used for storage of drinking water under the same conditions at room temperature (25 °C) in triplicate order. ...
Read More
In order to investigate the biofilm creating bacteria in drinking water of Ahvaz, Iran, 4 different types of frequently used kitchen dishes (made up of plastic, glass, zinc, and teflon) were used for storage of drinking water under the same conditions at room temperature (25 °C) in triplicate order. After the formation of the slime layer, microbiological tests were performed. Results showed that after 3 days, the biofilm layer was created. The biofilm creating bacteria of studied water belonged to both the gram-negative and gram-positive groups and were identified as follows: Staphylococcus aureus, Eschershia coli, Salmonella typhimorium, Entrobacter aerogenes, and Shigella sp. Results showed that the plastic dishes had the highest rate of bacterial growth and E. coli with 65 % of the growth was the most abundant bacteria of the investigated biofilm. It could be concluded that even in purified drinking water there were bacteria with the ability to create biofilm which needs more attention to purification processes and water storage in consideration with the quality of the dishes.
Research Paper
Masumeh Heidarzadeh; Nourollah Abdi; Javad Varvani Farahani; Abbas Ahmadi; Hamid Toranjzar
Abstract
A mixture of urban and industrial wastewater is discharged into the Meighan wetland, Arak, Iran. The heavy metals containing wastewater leads to environmental hazards whereby phytoremediation can be used for removing pollutants from contaminated water. An essential native plant that is abundant in the ...
Read More
A mixture of urban and industrial wastewater is discharged into the Meighan wetland, Arak, Iran. The heavy metals containing wastewater leads to environmental hazards whereby phytoremediation can be used for removing pollutants from contaminated water. An essential native plant that is abundant in the Meighan wetland is Typha Latifolia L. The effect of T. Latifolia L. was investigated on the removal of heavy metals (aluminum, zinc, copper, and nickel) at the inlet of Arak wastewater treatment plant into Meighan wetland. The soil (0-30 cm in depth) and plants (aerial and root biomass) were sampled in September 2019. In the laboratory, heavy metal accumulation in samples was measured via atomic absorption method. The results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the concentrations of all four metals were significantly different across the soil, root, and aerial biomass. The results of mean comparison by Duncan's test indicated that the highest concentration of aluminum was in the soil, while the lowest in aerial parts. Copper was maximum in the root, and the minimum was found in the aerial parts. Also, the concentration of zinc was the highest in the root, and the lowest in the soil. And, nickel was maximum in the soil while being minimum in the root. Data showed that the concentrations of aluminum in the soil, root, and aerial biomass of T. Latifolia L. were multiple times higher than permissible limit. The concentration of nickel in the soil was slightly higher than the acceptable limit, but the concentrations of other heavy metals in the soil, in aerial biomass, and in the root of T. Latifolia L. were within the acceptable range. The results indicated T.Latifolia L. is a suitable plant for the phytoremediation and water treatment in the Meighan wetland.
Research Paper
Elham Chiani; Seyed Naser Azizi; Shahram Ghasemi; Salma Ehsani Tilami
Abstract
Today, many efforts have been made to use agricultural waste as a cheap and abundant resource for providing suitable adsorbents to remove pollutants such as industrial dyes. The aim of this study was to remove dye from water under different conditions using SBA-15 nano particles as adsorbents their silica ...
Read More
Today, many efforts have been made to use agricultural waste as a cheap and abundant resource for providing suitable adsorbents to remove pollutants such as industrial dyes. The aim of this study was to remove dye from water under different conditions using SBA-15 nano particles as adsorbents their silica was prepared from stem sweep ash (SSA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 adsorption experiments were applied to evaluate the structural characteristics of obtained adsorbent. In addition, to remove Azure B dye by SBA-15, the optimal values were obtained as the parameters of contact time = 30 min, pH = 8, temperature = 65 °C, adsorbent amount = 0.01 g, stirring rate = 90 rpm and initial dye concentration = 100 mg/L. The kinetic and thermodynamic experiments were conducted on the adsorption process as well. The results of the experiments demonstrated that the total surface area and total pore volume of the adsorbent were 780 m2/g and 0.8483 cm3/g, respectively. Moreover, the surface adsorption process of Azure B followed the Langmuir's isothermal model, and kinetic data followed the surface adsorption of pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Besides, the values of ΔH° and ΔS° were 5409.32 j/mol and 37.28 j/mol K, respectively, and the maximum adsorption capacity of adsorbent was 166.66 mg/g.
Review Paper
Bouchenak Khelladi Racha Medjda; Chiboub Fellah Abdelghani; Pontié Maxime; Guellil Fatima Zohra
Abstract
This review paper will serve to explain how a particle is trapped on a porous media, and describe the mobility of those particles when passing through a media. It also presents the different parameters that play an important role on the trapping mechanism and the role of biofilm formation. The deposition ...
Read More
This review paper will serve to explain how a particle is trapped on a porous media, and describe the mobility of those particles when passing through a media. It also presents the different parameters that play an important role on the trapping mechanism and the role of biofilm formation. The deposition and trapping mechanism of particles in porous media is governed by the action of different mechanisms such as interception, sieving, diffusion, gravitational and Van Der Waals forces, Brownian diffusion, and inertia. The particle retention through the porous media leads to the formation of a biofilm and the clogging of the media. The understanding of particle retention, clogging, and biofilm formation is interesting because it plays a major role in soil recovery process such as bioremediation, biosorption and filtration (on sand and activated carbon) used for degradation of particles (colloids and microorganisms) and harmful contaminants (heavy metals, drugs) by microorganisms.
