Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Water and Hydraulic Structures, Young Researchers and Elite Club, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
2 Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Birjand, Birjand,Iran.
Abstract
Detection of aquifer vulnerable areas can highlight preventive actions for groundwater contamination. Different models have been presented for the evaluation of vulnerability that one of the most regular and well-known models of the overlapping index as the SINTACS-LU (Soggiacence, actual infiltration, non saturated zone, typology of overburden, hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer, hydraulic conductivity, topographic Slope) model was considered in this research. In fact, this model has been extended based on the impact of land use parameters in the vulnerability evaluation. Purpose of this study is the qualitative evaluation of Birjand plain aquifer vulnerability using the SINTACS-LU model. For this, the Birjand plain aquifer in the statistical periods of 2013-2018 has been evaluated. According to the results of this assessment, the SINTACS-LU vulnerability zoning map reveals that 15 percent of the studied region has the vulnerability of medium to high, 75 percent of the area has a high vulnerability, and 10 percent has the too high vulnerability. In order to the verification of the SINTACS-LU model, the relationship between the vulnerability index and the obtained nitrate concentration values from 21 groundwater samples were assessed. The correlation coefficient between the SINTACS-LU vulnerability index and the nitrate concentration was 75 percent, which indicates the appropriate correlation of this model with the nitrate concentration as the indicator of the groundwater contamination.
Keywords
Antonakos A.K., and lambrakis N.J., Development and testing of three hybrid methods for the assessment of aquifer vulnerability to nitrates, based on the Drastic model, an example from NE Korinthia, Greece Journal of Hydrology 333 (2007) 288-304.
Asghari Moghaddam A., Adigozalpour A., Mohammady A., Vulnerability assessment of oshnavieh plain aquifer by SINTACS and DRASTIC models, Journal of Natural Environmental Hazards 7 (2018) 99-120.
Baihaqi M.F., Kusratmoko E., Rustanto A., Comparison of drastic-Lu and Sintacs-Lu models in mapping shallow groundwater vulnerability against pollution in Ci Deres watershed, Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education 3 (2019) 137-141.
Brahim F.B., Kanfir H., Bouri S., Groundwater vulnerability and risk mapping of the northern sfax aquifer, Tunisia, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 37 (2012) 1405-1421.
Civita M., Vulnerability maps of aquifers subjected to pollution: theory and practice, Pitagora Editrice, Bologna (1994) 325.
Eftekhari M., Madadi K., and Akbari M., Monitoring the fluctuations of the birjand plain aquifer using the GRACE satellite images and the GIS spatial analyses, Watershed Management Researches Journal 32 (2019) 51-65 (In Persian).
Ewusi A., Ahenkorah I., Kuma J., Groundwater vulnerability assessment of the tarkwa mining area using SINTACS approach and GIS, Ghana Mining Journal 17 (2017) 18-30.
Fadaei Nobandeghani A., The evaluation of the inherent vulnerability potential of Shiraz plain aquifer using Drastic and Composite DRASTIC (CD) and Nitrate Vulnerability (NV) models in the GIS, Master''s Thesis Shiraz University of Medical Sciences (2014) (In Persian).
Fatemi A., Long-term assessment of water quality and soil degradation risk via hydrochemical indices of Gharasoo River, Iran, Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater 2 (2015) 131-136.
Hassanpour M., and Khozeymehnezhad H., Placement of nutrient wells for artificial nutrition and improvement of aquifer quality in Birjand plain using treated wastewater, Iranian Journal of Research in Environmental Health 4 (2018) 215-226 (In Persian).
Huan H., Wang J., Teng Y., Assessment and validation of groundwater vulnerability to nitrate based on a modified DRASTIC model: A case study in Jilin City of northeast China, Science of the Total Environment 440 (2012) 14-23.
Keshavarz A., Khashaei A., Najafi M.H., Locating of suitable area of pumping drinking water using FAHP method (Case study: Birjand aquifer, Journal of Water and Wastewater 25 (2015) 91 (In Persian).
Kim Y. J., and Hamm S.Y., Assessment of the potential for groundwater contamination using the DRASTIC/EGIS technique, Cheongju area, South Korea, Hydrogeology Journal 17 (1999) 227-235.
Lodwick W.A., Monson W., Svoboda L., Attribute error and sensitivity analysis of map operations in geographical informations systems: suitability analysis, International Journal of Geographical Information System 4 (1990) 413-428.
Mahmoodzadeh E., Rezaeian S., Ahmadi A., Sensitivity analysis of groundwater vulnerability in the Meymeh plain of Isfahan using the DRASTIC method, The 1st International Conference on Environmental Crisis and its Solutions, Kish Island, Iran, (2013) (In Persian).
Mastrocicco M., Gianluigi B., Kazakis N., Colombani N., Voudouris K., and Tedesco D., A modified SINTACS method for groundwater vulnerability and pollution risk assessment in highly anthropized regions based on NO3 and SO4 concentrations, Science of the Total Environment 609 (2017) 1512-1523.
Pisciotta A., Cusimano G., Favara R., Groundwater nitrate risk assessment using intrinsic vulnerability methods: A comparative study of environmental impact by intensive farming in the Mediterranean region of Sicily, Italy, Journal of Geochemical Exploration 156 (2015) 89-100.
Primastuti D.W., and Kusratmoko E., Spatial pattern of shallow groundwater vulnerability to contamination using SINTACS model in Taman rahayu, Bekasi Regency, AIP Conference Proceedings, (2018).
Qadir R., Hamamin D., Saeed S., Groundwater vulnerability map of Sulaymaniyah sub-basin using SINTACS model, Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Kurdistan Region, Iraq, Journal of Zankoy Sulaimani 20 (2016) 277-292.
Rahimzadeh kivi M., Hamzeh S., Kardan Moghadam H., Identification of vulnerability potential of groundwater quality in Birjand plain using DRASTIC model and its calibration using AHP, Physical Geography Research 47 (2015) 481-498 (In Persian).
Remesan R., and Panda R.K., Groundwater vulnerability assessment, risk mapping, and nitrate evaluationin a small agricultural watershed: using the DRASTIC model and GIS, Journal of Environmental Quality Management 17 (2008) 53-75.
Roholamin Kasmaei A., Nezhad Naderi M., Bahrami, Z., Water pollution management in wells of zawar village for investigation of effects of nitrogen fertilizers in nitrate entry into groundwater, Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater 4 (2017) 354-357.
Rufino F., Busico G., Cuoco E., Darrah T.H., Tedesco D., Evaluating the suitability of urban groundwater resources for drinking water and irrigation purposes: an integrated approach in the Agro-Aversano area of Southern Italy, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 191 (2019) 768.
Shiekhvanloo M., Assessment of groundwater vulnerability potential of Birjand plain, Dissertation for M.Sc. Degree in Hydrogeology, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, (2007) (In Persian).
Tesoriero A.J., Inkpen E.L., Voss F.D., Assessing ground-water vulnerability using logistic regression, Proceedings for the Source Water Assessment and Protection 98 Conference, Dallas, TX (1998) 157– 65.
Utami N.D., Sudarmadji M.Eng.S., Setyawan Purnama I.S., Utilization of SINTACS method for assessing water vulnerability to pollution in OPAK HILIR watershed, BANTUL REGENCY, Master Thesis of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia; (2019).
Wang J., He J., Chen H., Assessment of groundwater contamination risk using hazard quantification, a modified DRASTIC model and groundwater value, Beijing plain, China, Science of the Total Environment 432 (2012) 216-226.
WHO, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, Geneva, (1996).
Yang Y.S., and Wang L., Catchment-scale vulnerability assessment of groundwater pollution from diffuse sources using the DRASTIC method: A case study, Hydrological Sciences Journal–Journal des Sciences Hydrologiques 55 (2010) 1206-1216.
)