Hossein Mirzaei-Takhtgahi; Houshang Ghamarnia; Meghdad Pirsaheb
Abstract
Impact of irrigation with contaminated water on soil properties ....
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Impact of irrigation with contaminated water on soil properties ....
Godfred Owusu-Boateng; Victoria Adjei
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 28-34
Abstract
The problems of shortages and quality deterioration of water, have led to an increased interest in the reuse of treated grey water in many parts of the world. This study examined the suitability of locally available materials (beach sand, oyster shells, and charcoal) to treat grey water samples collected ...
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The problems of shortages and quality deterioration of water, have led to an increased interest in the reuse of treated grey water in many parts of the world. This study examined the suitability of locally available materials (beach sand, oyster shells, and charcoal) to treat grey water samples collected weekly from three halls of residence (Unity Hall, Africa Hall, and Independence Hall) on Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) campus for irrigation. Beach sand, oyster shells, and charcoal were employed in the construction of three vertical flow-through filter systems, each consisting of PVC pipes of height 100 cm and internal diameter 5.08 cm. The grey water samples were filtered and the levels of physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, TDS and salinity), nutrient and microbial counts determined over a three-week period. Results indicate that the measured physico-chemical parameters treated grey water were within the permissible limits for irrigation water. Also filtration process is effective in reducing phosphate, the total and faecal coliform levels in grey water from the halls of residence. These observations suggest that treated grey water from KNUST campus would support production when used as irrigation water.
Somayeh Heydari; Leili Zare; Hamideh Ghiassi
Abstract
The present study demonstrates the effective removal of diazinon pesticide from aqueous solutions by means of magnetic bentonite nanocomposite. The product was characterized by advanced techniques like scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and infrared spectroscopy ...
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The present study demonstrates the effective removal of diazinon pesticide from aqueous solutions by means of magnetic bentonite nanocomposite. The product was characterized by advanced techniques like scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Operational parameters affecting the removal efficiency, including the pH level, contact time, agitation speed and adsorbent dose, were screened through Plackett-Burmann design to determine the significant factors. Then, significant parameters, including the pH level and adsorbent dose, were further optimized using Central Composite design to predict optimum removal conditions. Under the optimal conditions, the maximum adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite for diazinon was found to be 92.50 %. The kinetic of pesticide sorption and equilibrium studies were performed. The experimental data could be well fitted to the Freundlich model. The magnetic bentonite nanocomposite was successfully applied for the uptake of diazinon from industrial wastewater and groundwater samples and separated easily by means of magnetic separation.
Sara Youcef; Nora Seghairi
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the performance of polyculture constructed wetlands compared with monocultures and to monitor plant type influence in treating wastewater. Four pilot scales were used and planted with three plant kinds (Phragmites Australis, Cyperus Papyrus, and Scirpus). Three of them were ...
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This study aimed to determine the performance of polyculture constructed wetlands compared with monocultures and to monitor plant type influence in treating wastewater. Four pilot scales were used and planted with three plant kinds (Phragmites Australis, Cyperus Papyrus, and Scirpus). Three of them were monoculture systems, and the last one was a polyculture system with all these plants. The filters had identical sizes and the same density. After seven days of retention time, results showed that the pH obtained was around neutral ranging from 6.91 to 7.32; the electrical conductivity increased significantly and it was between 4.47-5.47 mS/cm. Removal efficiencies of phosphate, ammonium, nitrite, and chemical oxygen demand were between 75.29-79.90%, 91.27-92.51 %, 83.33-86.32%, and 84.61-88.52%, respectively. Papyrus filter had the higher removal efficiencies in most of these parameters, and the polyculture system didn’t increase the filter performance; however, the differences between these filters were not significant, except for the electrical conductivity.
Saeedeh Mohammadi Givshad; Yousef Ramezani; Hossein Khozeymehnezhad
Abstract
The local scour around the bridge piers is the main cause of their destruction. Based on this, extensive studies have been done to understand this phenomenon. Most of these studies have been done under steady flow conditions. This is while the flow in the river is unsteady. Therefore, the experiments ...
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The local scour around the bridge piers is the main cause of their destruction. Based on this, extensive studies have been done to understand this phenomenon. Most of these studies have been done under steady flow conditions. This is while the flow in the river is unsteady. Therefore, the experiments of this research were carried out under unsteady flow conditions. The purpose of this research is to investigate the scour around the dual bridge piers at different distances of the piers from each other in a uniform flow as well as unsteady flow using symmetric hydrographs. The hydrographs used in the experiments are stepped hydrographs in 5 steps. The experiments were conducted under clear water conditions and U/UC=0.95. In all experiments, the diameter of the bridge pier (D) was constant and equal to 2.5 cm. The center-to-center distance between the dual bridge piers (S) was selected as 2D, 3D, 4D and 5D. In the unsteady flow, with increasing relative distance between the dual bridge piers, the maximum dimensionless scour depth of the first and second piers was increased and its maximum was measured at a relative distance of S/D=5 (in the range of relative distances studied in the research). But in the uniform flow, the maximum dimensionless scour depth of the first and second pier was observed at S/D=3 and S/D=4, respectively. Also, at a constant distance between the piers, increasing the peak and base flow of the hydrographs step-by-step, increased the maximum dimensionless scour depth of the first pier of dual bridge piers with an increasing rate. However, increasing the peak and base flow of the hydrographs step-by-step, increased the maximum dimensionless scour depth of the second pier with a decreasing and increasing rate, respectively.
Seyed Masoud Tayefeh Cheraghali; Amin Sarang; Mohammad Ali Zahed; Hossein Vahidi; Moazameh Akbari
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 86-92
Abstract
One of the main problems in the quality control of rivers is the high control cost imposed upon pollutant units. The cooperative policy approach in the treatment process between two or more pollutant units is a new and economic perspective in the environmental management of catchment basins. Origins ...
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One of the main problems in the quality control of rivers is the high control cost imposed upon pollutant units. The cooperative policy approach in the treatment process between two or more pollutant units is a new and economic perspective in the environmental management of catchment basins. Origins of large amounts pollutants which require a high cost to control pollution are trying to start partnerships with smaller units in establishing joint refineries in order to reduce their own and the whole system's costs. In this study, considering the one way direction of the river's water, the Streeter – Phelps equations were used to simulate the river. The Ant Colony Optimization was used as an efficiency model in order to acquire the best scenario of cooperation based on the maximum elimination of pollution and reduction of treatment costs without straying from the river's quality standards. Also the ratio – trade system was used for commercial purposes. After this the cost of the depleting units was split evenly between them using the cooperative game theory. The efficiency of the model was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Zarjub River in Gilan province of Iran. Three main scenarios were taken to mind for cooperative trading to take place. Carrying out the trade – partnership model could play positively large role in sufficing the quality the control of river water.
Mohammad Samimifar
Abstract
A simple spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of traces of cyanide ion in water samples. Toxic cyanide was reacted with sulfur (S8) dissolved in acetone and converted to non-toxic thiocyanate which is more stable than cyanide also. This product was reacted to Fe (III) to form ...
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A simple spectrophotometric method is developed for the determination of traces of cyanide ion in water samples. Toxic cyanide was reacted with sulfur (S8) dissolved in acetone and converted to non-toxic thiocyanate which is more stable than cyanide also. This product was reacted to Fe (III) to form red ferric-thiocyanate complex. The complex absorption rate in the first two minutes of its formation is related to the cyanide concentration. By measuring the complex absorbance at 465 nm, the cyanide in the range of 2.0-16.0 μg/mL was determined with a detection limit of 1.7 μg/mL. Relative standard deviation (n = 6) for concentrations of 4.0 and 12.0 μg/mL of cyanide was obtained 4.2 % and 1.5 %, respectively. To avoid interferences from other cations and anions, it is possible to isolate cyanide with a system converting CN- to HCN. This method was successfully applied to determine cyanide in various water samples.
Abbas Parsaei; Amir Hamzeh Haghiabi
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 137-142
Abstract
Distribution of velocity of flow in compound open channel due to interaction of floodplains and main channel is strongly non-uniform. Defining the distribution of flow velocity is an important factor in calculation of sediment transport and estimation of flow discharge. One of the correction factors ...
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Distribution of velocity of flow in compound open channel due to interaction of floodplains and main channel is strongly non-uniform. Defining the distribution of flow velocity is an important factor in calculation of sediment transport and estimation of flow discharge. One of the correction factors in calculation of flow discharge and shear stress are momentum and energy coefficients. In this study, the effect of and coefficients on Froude number and specific energy are assessed. Stage-discharge relationship in compound open channel was assessed using some empirical formula including Single-Channel Method (SCM), Divided-Channel Method (DCM), and modified divided-channel method (MDCM) and compared with together. When the discharge only flows in main channel all the empirical has a same result whereas by increasing the discharge and covering the floodplains by flow the results of them are different. The highest value of outcome of empirical formula is related to the SCM. Results indicated that considering the energy and momentum coefficients have significant effect on distribution of Froude number and specific energy.
Distribution of velocity of flow in compound open channel due to interaction of floodplains and main channel is strongly non-uniform. Defining the distribution of flow velocity is an important factor in calculation of sediment transport and estimation of flow discharge. One of the correction factors in calculation of flow discharge and shear stress are momentum
and energy
coefficients. In this study, the effect of
and
coefficients on Froude number and specific energy are assessed. Stage-discharge relationship in compound open channel was assessed using some empirical formula including Single-Channel Method (SCM), Divided-Channel Method (DCM), and modified divided-channel method (MDCM) and compared with together. When the discharge only flows in main channel all the empirical has a same result whereas by increasing the discharge and covering the floodplains by flow the results of them are different. The highest value of outcome of empirical formula is related to the SCM. Results indicated that considering the energy and momentum coefficients have significant effect on distribution of Froude number and specific energy.
Hadi Norouzi; Jalal Bazargan
Abstract
In engineering works, calculation of the peak zone of the flood is very important. Therefore, in the present study, a method was presented to increase the accuracy of the flood routing of the peak zone of the inflow hydrograph. The recorded data in the Ahwaz and Farsiat hydrometric stations were used, ...
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In engineering works, calculation of the peak zone of the flood is very important. Therefore, in the present study, a method was presented to increase the accuracy of the flood routing of the peak zone of the inflow hydrograph. The recorded data in the Ahwaz and Farsiat hydrometric stations were used, both of which are related to the Karun river, Iran. In contrast to previous studies, in addition to calculating the coefficients of linear Muskingum method (X, K), the time interval (Δt) parameter was also optimized in the present study using the PSO algorithm. The results showed that if only the X and K coefficients were calculated, the mean relative error (MRE) of the peak zone for the first, second and third floods were equal to 8.34, 2.24, and 1.99 %, respectively. However, by using the optimized Δt value, the corresponding error decreased to 5.14, 0.44, and 1.08 %.
Mahboobeh Zarei; Majid Baghdadi; Fatemeh Yazdian; Nasser Mehrdadi
Abstract
In this study, an optimized composite of expanded graphite /g-C3N4 /phenylenediamine was synthesized and characterized by SEM, FESEM, EDS, XRD, and BET methods.The composite was prepared with an optimized combination using response surface methodology (RSM) as a proper adsorbent for eliminating heavy ...
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In this study, an optimized composite of expanded graphite /g-C3N4 /phenylenediamine was synthesized and characterized by SEM, FESEM, EDS, XRD, and BET methods.The composite was prepared with an optimized combination using response surface methodology (RSM) as a proper adsorbent for eliminating heavy metals from water samples. The evaluation of the final adsorbent was accomplished by removing metal ions like Pb2+ and Cd2+. Under the optimum adsorption conditions for Pb2+ and Cd2+ (pH:5, adsorbent dosage:2 g/L, and Time:60 min), elimination efficiencies were 78.4% for Cd2+ and 71.35% for Pb2+. pH was the most important factor that influenced the adsorption rate. A short contact time for maximum removal efficiency was reported because of the porous structure of the constructed composite. As a result of the absorptive construction, the equilibrium showed a satisfactory agreement with the Freundlich model. The kinetic evaluations showed that the adsorption process of both heavy metals fitted the pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, the results of thermodynamic studies indicated that the adsorption was an endothermic and spontaneous process. A series of regeneration experiments (5 cycles) was directed to evaluate the adsorbent reusability. The results presented that it was a suitable adsorbent for heavy metal uptake from aquatic solutions.
Javad Ahmadi; Davood Kahforoushan; Esmaeil Fatehifar; Khaled Zoroufchi Benis; Manouchehr Nadjafi
Volume 2, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 183-187
Abstract
Urmia Lake’s water surface area is among the most important parameters needed for water balance analysis. Periodical measurement of this parameter directly by conventional topography almost seems impossible since it is costly and time – consuming. Such limitations highlight the needs for ...
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Urmia Lake’s water surface area is among the most important parameters needed for water balance analysis. Periodical measurement of this parameter directly by conventional topography almost seems impossible since it is costly and time – consuming. Such limitations highlight the needs for new approaches to be taken, namely remote sensing technique which could provide a good approximation of lake’s surface area in terms of some other parameters available or at least easily measured. This paper considers development of a new model for lake’s surface area measurement according to available water levels and its comparison with other methods in this field as well as the calculations regarding salt-land formation and coastline changes. High resolution images provided by NASA satellites, Aqua and Terra were collected and passed an image processing stage through MATLAB software for surface area calculations. Finally, the water level and surface area values resulted from the home made code, were put together to reach relationship. The comparison between the results of proposed method and provided data by Eastern Azerbaijan Water Organization and also a similar study indicated that the proposed image processing technique has good performance to estimate the surface area of Urmia Lake. The maximum error between the results of proposed model and a similar study which was used combination method of Cellular Automata and Markov Chain was 5.96 % which indicates the good performance of image processing technique in estimation of surface area of Urmia Lake.
Sirus Zinadini; Foad Gholami
Volume 3, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 232-235
Batool Shahroie; Laleh Rajabi; Ali Ashraf Derakhshan
Volume 3, Issue 2 , December 2016, , Pages 277-280
Yonus Yosofi; Ali Almasi; Seyyed Alireza Mousavi
Abstract
Oil refinery wastewater as the most polluting industrial wastewater contain various hydrocarbons and sulfur with its derivatives and can cause problems in biological systems by the production of sulfuric acid. Variations of amount of sulfur depending on bioreactor condition such as temperature, pH, microbial ...
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Oil refinery wastewater as the most polluting industrial wastewater contain various hydrocarbons and sulfur with its derivatives and can cause problems in biological systems by the production of sulfuric acid. Variations of amount of sulfur depending on bioreactor condition such as temperature, pH, microbial activity and other factors. This study focused on determining variations of sulfur in anaerobic ponds for treatment of oil refinery wastewater. Samples were taken every 6 days during eight consecutive months and the type of sampling was 24-hour composite. This means that each sample is composed of 12 samples in 24 hours. 40 samples were taken from inlet and outlet of anaerobic stabilization pond for measuring sulfate, sulfide and sulfur, so a total of 240 samples were analyzed in this study. The results of the study showed that removal efficiency of COD and BOD were obtained 43 % and 24 %, respectively. Variations of sulfide and sulfur were obtained 4 % and 44 %, which increase respectively, but for sulfate have shown 15.8 % reduction. It can be said that sulfate-reducing bacteria have had significant activity to produce sulfide and sulfur form and decrease of the amount of sulfate in bioreactor.
Parviz Mohammadi; Shaliza Ibrahim; Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar
Abstract
Fermentative hydrogen production is a common anoxic process where the bacteria degrade organic matters to produce the required electron in the anaerobic reaction. Dark fermentation in the acidogenic phase utilizing obligated and facultative anaerobes leads to hydrogen (H2) production. This method usually ...
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Fermentative hydrogen production is a common anoxic process where the bacteria degrade organic matters to produce the required electron in the anaerobic reaction. Dark fermentation in the acidogenic phase utilizing obligated and facultative anaerobes leads to hydrogen (H2) production. This method usually achieves a much higher H2 production rate than other biological processes. The kinetic evaluation of biological hydrogen production using palm oil mill effluent as substrate was done in a modified up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket –fixed film (UASB-FF) reactor. In this study, the two factors of feed flow (QF) (1.7-10.2 l/d) and up-flow velocity (Vup) (0.5-3.0 m/h) were chosen as the independent variables to investigate the bioreactor performance. The maximum specific growth rate (μmax) of hydrogenesis bacteria grown on POME as substrate was obtained at 0.313 d-1 (38 °C). The half-velocity constant (Ks) was 9.04 g/L when POME concentration was 15.0 g/L. In this study, the kinetic parameters of Y, Kd, and k calculated were 0.1 g/g, 0.0043 d-1, and 3.13 g COD/g VSS.d, respectively.
Arezoo Fereidonian Dashti; Mohd Nordin Adlan; Hamidi Abdul Aziz; Ali Huddin Ibrahim
Abstract
The creation of very pollute palm oil mill waste water has resulted in semiserious environmental hazards. The reason for the current study is to test the optimal removal of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) from palm oil mill waste water by filtration using inexpensive filters media in place of current methods, ...
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The creation of very pollute palm oil mill waste water has resulted in semiserious environmental hazards. The reason for the current study is to test the optimal removal of ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) from palm oil mill waste water by filtration using inexpensive filters media in place of current methods, to remove ammonia nitrogen from palm oil mill effluent. A series of batch and column studies were conducted using a different particle size of limestone (4, 12 and 20 mm) at various filtration rates of 20 ml/min, 60 ml/min and 100 ml/min. An experimental model design was conducted using Central Composite Design (CCD) in Response Surface Methodology (RSM). RSM was used to calculate the outcomes of process variables and their role in reaching ideal conditions. Equilibrium isotherms in this study were evaluated using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm. Using statistical analysis, the NH3–N removal model proved to be very significant with very low probability values (0.0001). The column study showed that ideal NH3-N removal was attained using a lower flow rate and smaller sized limestone (LS). The ideal conditions found when using 4 mm limestone and a 20 ml/min flow rate. This resulted in 45.3% removal of NH3–N which was seen in the predicted model, and fit well with the laboratory results (45%). The adsorption isotherm data fit the Langmuir isotherm.
Hamidreza Babaali; Zohreh Ramak; Reza Sepahvand
Abstract
Predicting the river discharge is one of the important subjects in water resourcesengineering. This subject is of utmost importance in terms of planning,management, and policy of water resources with the aim of economic andenvironmental development, especially in a country like Iran with limited waterresources. ...
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Predicting the river discharge is one of the important subjects in water resourcesengineering. This subject is of utmost importance in terms of planning,management, and policy of water resources with the aim of economic andenvironmental development, especially in a country like Iran with limited waterresources. Awareness of the relation between rainfall and runoff of basins is aninseparable past of water design studies. Lack of sufficient data on rainfall-runoffdue to the absence of appropriate hydrometric stations reveals the importanceof using indirect methods and heuristic algorithms for estimating the basins'runoff more than before. In the present research, the genetic programmingmodel has been employed to simulate the rainfall-runoff process ofKhorramabad River basin, and in order to introduce the patterns and identify thebest pattern dominating the nature of flow, all statistical data were divided intotwo groups of training and experiment (52 percent training and 48 percentexperiment) and the program was implemented for 1000 replications using fittingfunctions and going through replication and developmental processes so as tofind the optimal replication. Moreover, in order to evaluate the relations obtainedfrom the simulator model, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean SquaredError (MSE) indexes and Coefficient of Determination (R2) have been used. Theinvestigations demonstrate that the employed equation 3 has the greatestrelevance with the observational data. Therefore, it is recommended that the saidequation be used for the rainfall-runoff studies of the abovementioned basin.Based on the results, the genetic programming model is an accurate directmethod for predicting the discharge of Khorramabad River basin.
Matthieu Dufresne; Jose Vazquez
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 35-39
Abstract
Venturi flumes are measurement structures commonly used in water systems to measure the flow discharge. Some of them are not well installed or present some geometrical defects. The objective of this study is to investigate the hydraulic influence of a number of typical wrong installations and geometrical ...
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Venturi flumes are measurement structures commonly used in water systems to measure the flow discharge. Some of them are not well installed or present some geometrical defects. The objective of this study is to investigate the hydraulic influence of a number of typical wrong installations and geometrical defects of long-throated Venturi flumes: significant positive or adverse slopes, humps and hollows on the walls of the throat, hump or hollow on the bed of the throat. The geometric tolerances corresponding to an acceptable tolerance on the discharge of 2% and 5% are calculated for each defect. A number of corrections of the head –discharge relationship are proposed to avoid the destruction of a flume if the geometric tolerance is not respected.
Vahab Ghaleh Khondabi; Alireza Fazlali; Mojtaba Zolfaghari
Abstract
On average, 67 % of household wastewater is made up of greywater, which includes wastewater produced in household other than toilets. There are different biological treatment processes for greywater treatment. One of these systems is the sequencing batch reactor (SBR), which has proven to be an effective ...
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On average, 67 % of household wastewater is made up of greywater, which includes wastewater produced in household other than toilets. There are different biological treatment processes for greywater treatment. One of these systems is the sequencing batch reactor (SBR), which has proven to be an effective way of treating wastewater. One of the amendments to the SBR process is the intermittent cycle extended aeration system (ICEAS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of an advanced-SBR in the bathroom greywater (BGW) treatment. For this purpose, a rectangular SBR reactor (402020 cm) with a working volume of 12 liters was developed and utilized. The primary microorganisms of this reactor were prepared from the active sludge return to the aeration pond of the Arak municipal wastewater treatment plant. The reactor was fed with the effluent from the initial settling ponds of the same treatment plant. After the system was set up and sufficient microorganisms were grown, the exploitation phase began with synthetic greywater. The experiments were carried out in three cycles of 4, 6 and 8 hours. The concentrations of linear alkyl benzene sulfonates (LAS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) at the inlet were 6.8 mg/L, 385 mg/L and 170 mg/L, and in the outlet, 0.95 mg/L, 19.25 mg/L and 8.5 mg/L, in a 8-hour cycle. Therefore, the removal efficiency of the system in 8 h cycle was 86 %, 93 % and 95 %, respectively.
Elham Yousefi; Mohammad Hossein Sayadi; Elham Chamenhpour
Abstract
The goal of this study was to check the climatological, hydrological, hydrogeological, topographical, and also vegetation cover situation of the wetland by using the google earth engine cloud system and calculation of current and future hydrological water balance of the wetland. For this purpose, data ...
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The goal of this study was to check the climatological, hydrological, hydrogeological, topographical, and also vegetation cover situation of the wetland by using the google earth engine cloud system and calculation of current and future hydrological water balance of the wetland. For this purpose, data from TRMM, MODIS, Terra, LANDSAT, GRACE, and ALOS satellites were used. The results showed that GEE has a lot of potential and application for preparing time series and monitoring areas where little information is available about its past situation. According to the rainfall of 1.1333 mm3, surface runoff of 12.20 mm3, and evapotranspiration of 13.875 mm3 in the wetland area, the water balance of the wetland is -0.452 mm3. This amount indicates the volume of water that the wetland has based on climatic and hydrological relations. This amount will be equal to 1.4 mm3 in 2040, which shows that the wetland condition will improve in the future.
Hossein Nayeb; Maryam Mirabi; Homayoon Motiee; Abolghasem Alighardashi; Ahmad Khoshgard
Abstract
Industrial activities are one of the most important emission sources of greenhouse gases at a global level. The process of production, transportation, electricity consumption, and industrial wastewater are the four major components in producing greenhouse gases. Industrial wastewater management (collection, ...
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Industrial activities are one of the most important emission sources of greenhouse gases at a global level. The process of production, transportation, electricity consumption, and industrial wastewater are the four major components in producing greenhouse gases. Industrial wastewater management (collection, treatment, and disposal) results in direct emission of greenhouse gases (including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide). Also, energy consumption in the wastewater treatment process causes indirect carbon dioxide emissions. The present study aimed to estimate the contribution of industrial wastewater treatment plants in Iran from this emission, in addition to identifying sources of greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial wastewater treatment plant and estimating greenhouse gas emissions from the industrial wastewater sector in Iran. In this research, the emission calculations were conducted by using the methodology of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) guidelines for calculating greenhouse gases emission. Based on the estimations performed in this study, 1,305.98 kt of CH4 were emitted directly from wastewater in 2017 in the entire industrial wastewater sector. Further, the results indicated that industrial wastewater treatment plants in Iran’s industrial parks generate 46.53 kt of CH4 directly and 259.5 kt of CO2 indirectly. According to the studies, the food industry, especially the industries involved in processing agricultural products (with 48.74 % of total methane emissions) has the highest greenhouse gas emissions in the country, followed by the paper production industry (with 27.46 % of total methane emissions) in the second place. One of the best strategies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in industrial wastewater treatment plants is energy production from methane produced in large treatment plants and implementing necessary amendments in production processes to decrease wastewater production.
Masoud Shariati-Rad; Mohsen Irandoust; Farahnaz Niazi
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 93-97
Abstract
A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrite in water and soil preparation samples has been developed. Determination of nitrite is based on diazotization of p-nitro aniline with nitrite and subsequent coupling with 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid in hydrochloric ...
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A simple and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of nitrite in water and soil preparation samples has been developed. Determination of nitrite is based on diazotization of p-nitro aniline with nitrite and subsequent coupling with 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid in hydrochloric acid. The factors affecting the reaction i.e. concentration of p-nitro aniline, concentration of 4-amino-3-hydroxynaphthalene-1-sulfonic acid and concentration of the hydrochloric acid solution were studied and optimized using central composite design. The analysis of the results of experimental design showed that for obtaining higher signals the values of the above factors should be as 2.0×10-4, 5.0×10-4 and 1.33 M, respectively. The reaction yields a product with an absorption maximum at 302 nm. Beer’s law is obeyed in the range 0.10-2.00 mgL-1 of nitrite. The molar absorptivity of the product was found to be 6.74×104. The method was applied successfully to the determination of nitrite in water and soil samples. Relative standard deviation of the method was below 2%.
Fariba Oulad; Sirus Zinadini; Ali Akbar Zinatizadeh; Ali Ashraf Derakhshan
Abstract
The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different operational parameters on performance and fouling trends of unfilled- polyethersulfone, 0.5 wt.% boehmite-polyethersulfone, tannic acid coated boehmite-polyethersulfone nanofiltration membranes during filtration of Licorice aqueous ...
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The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different operational parameters on performance and fouling trends of unfilled- polyethersulfone, 0.5 wt.% boehmite-polyethersulfone, tannic acid coated boehmite-polyethersulfone nanofiltration membranes during filtration of Licorice aqueous solution as model foulant. The impact of hydrodynamic conditions (such as transmembrane pressure and cross-flow velocity) and feed composition on permeation, fouling trends and rejection capability were evaluated using lab-scale cross-flow filtration set-up. The applied transmembrane pressure and cross-flow velocity were various in range of 6-12 bar and 0.5-2.5 cm/s, respectively. The results indicated that although, increasing of operational pressure and cross-flow velocity can enhance the permeability and rejection capability of NF membranes also incur appearance of the more severe fouling phenomenon. The least fouling for NF membranes was occurred at the lowest licorice concentration of 0.1 g/l. The rejection percentage of unfilled and embedded nanofiltration polyethersulfone membranes was more than 92 %.
Mohammad Ali Zahed; Aeen Eftekhari; Hassan Hoveidi; Faranak Hejabi
Abstract
Sustainable development highly depends on how we manage various parts of the industry, and it plays a significant role in the sewage purge system to pay attention to the clutch reducer elements. Complementary procedures and technologies are needed to resolve water governance concerns, urging a rapid ...
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Sustainable development highly depends on how we manage various parts of the industry, and it plays a significant role in the sewage purge system to pay attention to the clutch reducer elements. Complementary procedures and technologies are needed to resolve water governance concerns, urging a rapid alteration of the economics, engineering, and administration agendas to determine our generation's water challenges. Ekbatan Wastewater Treatment Plant (EWTP) confronts several problems that necessitate comprehensive and strategic planning and management. An analysis of strength-weakness-opportunity-threat (SWOT) and quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM) methods were used to investigate strategic factors. For scoring the proposed strategies, a group of experts who are familiar with environmental management was selected. Environmental factors were recognized and investigated. According to experts' opinions, important and unimportant factors were identified and prioritized. The most effective strategy to further strengthen the current situation is "expanding the treatment plant activities such as internal infrastructure and urban utilities to manage more waste."
Kiran D D. Bhuyar; Sanvidhan G. Suke; Vilas S S. Sapkal; Rajendra S S. Sapkal
Abstract
Advanced water treatment methods are needed for good quality of lake water. In this study, the hybrid membrane bioreactor (MBR) and nanofiltration (NF) system was investigated to treat Ambazari lake water. The performance of the hybrid system was checked as removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand ...
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Advanced water treatment methods are needed for good quality of lake water. In this study, the hybrid membrane bioreactor (MBR) and nanofiltration (NF) system was investigated to treat Ambazari lake water. The performance of the hybrid system was checked as removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and permeate flow rate (PFR). All parameters in the hybrid MBR-NF system were operated batch-wise for 5 h. The COD and BOD removal efficiencies were observed to be 95.67 % and 94.64 %, respectively. TDS removal efficiency was obtained to be 92.33%. The highest TSS removal efficiency was reported to be 36.0 % for airflow rates of 1.0 L/min. The pH variation at different airflow rates was found to be significantly low. Hence, from above information, we conclude that this hybrid system treated Ambazari lake water successfully. The treated water had high quality as good as potable water.
