Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Research laboratory in civil engineering, hydraulics, sustainable development and environment (larghyde). Mohamed Kheider University, Biskra, Algéria.
10.22126/arww.2022.6968.1226
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the performance of polyculture constructed wetlands compared with monocultures and to monitor plant type influence in treating wastewater. Four pilot scales were used and planted with three plant kinds (Phragmites Australis, Cyperus Papyrus, and Scirpus). Three of them were monoculture systems, and the last one was a polyculture system with all these plants. The filters had identical sizes and the same density. After seven days of retention time, results showed that the pH obtained was around neutral ranging from 6.91 to 7.32; the electrical conductivity increased significantly and it was between 4.47-5.47 mS/cm. Removal efficiencies of phosphate, ammonium, nitrite, and chemical oxygen demand were between 75.29-79.90%, 91.27-92.51 %, 83.33-86.32%, and 84.61-88.52%, respectively. Papyrus filter had the higher removal efficiencies in most of these parameters, and the polyculture system didn’t increase the filter performance; however, the differences between these filters were not significant, except for the electrical conductivity.
Keywords
Abou-Elela S.I., and Hellal M.S., Municipal wastewater treatment using vertical flow constructed wetlands planted with Canna, Phragmites and Cyprus, Ecological Engineering 47 (2012) 209-213.
Akratos C.S., and Tsihrintzis V.A., Effect of temperature, HRT, vegetation and porous media on removal efficiency of pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 29 (2007) 173-191.
Belmont M. A., Cantellano E., Thompson S., Williamson M., Sánchez A., Metcalfe C.D., Treatment of domestic wastewater in a pilot-scale natural treatment system in central Mexico, Ecological Engineering 23 (2004) 299-311.
Białowiec A., Albuquerque A., Randerson P.F., The influence of evapotranspiration on vertical flow subsurface constructed wetland performance, Ecological Engineering 67 (2014) 89-94.
Calheiros C.S., Bessa V.S., Mesquita R.B., Brix H., Rangel A.O., Castro P.M., Constructed wetland with a polyculture of ornamental plants for wastewater treatment at a rural tourism facility, Ecological Engineering 79 (2015) 1-7.
Carballeira T., Ruiz I., Soto M., Effect of plants and surface loading rate on the treatment efficiency of shallow subsurface constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 90 (2016) 203-214.
Chang J.-j., Wu S.-q., Dai Y.-r., Liang W., Wu Z.-b., Treatment performance of integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland plots for domestic wastewater, Ecological Engineering 44 (2012) 152-159.
Geng Y., Han W., Yu C., Jiang Q., Wu J., Chang J., Ge Y., Effect of plant diversity on phosphorus removal in hydroponic microcosms simulating floating constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 107 (2017) 110-119.
Giri P.M., and Kumar S., Constructed wetlands for water quality improvement, recycling and reuse, Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 2 (2013) 759-763.
Karathanasis A., Potter C., Coyne M., Vegetation effects on fecal bacteria, BOD, and suspended solid removal in constructed wetlands treating domestic wastewater, Ecological Engineering 20 (2003) 157-169.
Kyambadde J., Kansiime F., Gumaelius L., Dalhammar G., A comparative study of Cyperus papyrus and Miscanthidium violaceum-based constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in a tropical climate, Water Research 38 (2004) 475-485.
Leiva A.M., Núñez R., Gómez G., López D., Vidal G., Performance of ornamental plants in monoculture and polyculture horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for treating wastewater, Ecological Engineering 120 (2018) 116-125.
Liang M.-Q., Zhang C.-F., Peng C.-L., Lai Z.-L., Chen D.-F., Chen Z.-H., Plant growth, community structure, and nutrient removal in monoculture and mixed constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 37 (2011) 309-316.
Merino-Solís M.L., Villegas E., De Anda J., López-López A., The effect of the hydraulic retention time on the performance of an ecological wastewater treatment system: an anaerobic filter with a constructed wetland, Water 7 (2015) 1149-1163.
Rodier J., Legube B., Merlet N., Analyse de l’eau Rodier, 9th ED., Paris; (2009).
Sandoval L., Zamora-Castro S.A., Vidal-Álvarez M., Marín-Muñiz J.L., Role of wetland plants and use of ornamental flowering plants in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: A review, Applied Sciences 9 (2019) 685-701.
Stefanakis A.I., Akratos C.S., Gikas G.D., Tsihrintzis V.A., Effluent quality improvement of two pilot-scale, horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands using natural zeolite (clinoptilolite), Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 124 (2009) 131-143.
Stefanakis A.I., and Tsihrintzis V.A., Effects of loading, resting period, temperature, porous media, vegetation and aeration on performance of pilot-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands, Chemical Engineering Journal 181 (2012) 416-430.
Stottmeister U., Wießner A., Kuschk P., Kappelmeyer U., Kästner M., Bederski O., Müller R., Moormann H., Effects of plants and microorganisms in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment, Biotechnology Advances 22 (2003) 93-117.
Tsihrintzis V.A., The use of vertical flow constructed wetlands in wastewater treatment, Water Resources Management 31 (2017) 3245-3270.
Türker O. C., Türe C., Böcük H., Çiçek A., Yakar A., Role of plants and vegetation structure on boron (B) removal process in constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 88 (2016a) 143-152.
Türker O.C., Türe C., Böcük H., Yakar A., Phyto-management of boron mine effluent using native macrophytes in mono-culture and poly-culture constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 94 (2016b) 65-74.
Vohla C., Alas R., Nurk K., Baatz S., Mander Ü., Dynamics of phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon removal in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland, Science of the Total Environment 380 (2007) 66-74.
Xu X., Mills G., Lindell A., Peck E., Korotasz A., Burgess E., The performance of a free surface and metal-removing constructed wetland: How a young wetland becomes mature, Ecological Engineering 133 (2019) 32-38.
Yalcuk A., and Ugurlu, A., Comparison of horizontal and vertical constructed wetland systems for landfill leachate treatment, Bioresource Technology 100 (2009) 2521-2526.
Zamora S., Sandoval L., Marín-Muñíz J.L., Fernández-Lambert G., Hernández-Orduña M.G., Impact of ornamental vegetation type and different substrate layers on pollutant removal in constructed wetland mesocosms treating rural community wastewater, Processes 7 (2019) 531-540.
Zhang L., Lyu T., Zhang, Y., Button M., Arias C.A., Weber K.P., Brix H., Carvalho P.N., Impacts of design configuration and plants on the functionality of the microbial community of mesocosm-scale constructed wetlands treating ibuprofen, Water Research 131 (2018) 228-238.
Zhang Z., Rengel Z., Meney K., Nutrient removal from simulated wastewater using Canna indica and Schoenoplectus validus in mono-and mixed-culture in wetland microcosms, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 183 (2007) 95-105.
Zheng Y., Yang D., Dzakpasu M., Yang Q., Liu Y., Zhang H., Zhang L., Wang X. C., Zhao Y., Effects of plants competition on critical bacteria selection and pollutants dynamics in a long-term polyculture constructed wetland, Bioresource Technology 316 (2020) 123927.
Zhou Q., Zhu H., Bañuelos G., Yan B., Liang Y., Yu X., Cheng X., Chen L., Effects of vegetation and temperature on nutrient removal and microbiology in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for treatment of domestic sewage, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 228 (2017) 1-13.
Zhu H., Zhou Q.-w., Yan B.-x., Liang Y.-x., Yu X.-f., Gerchman Y., Cheng X.-w., Influence of vegetation type and temperature on the performance of constructed wetlands for nutrient removal, Water Science and Technology 77 (2018) 829-837.
Zurita F., Belmont M., De Anda J., White J., Seeking a way to promote the use of constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment in developing countries, Water Science and Technology 63 (2011) 654-659.
Belmont M. A., Cantellano E., Thompson S., Williamson M., Sánchez A., Metcalfe C.D., Treatment of domestic wastewater in a pilot-scale natural treatment system in central Mexico, Ecological Engineering 23 (2004) 299-311.
Białowiec A., Albuquerque A., Randerson P.F., The influence of evapotranspiration on vertical flow subsurface constructed wetland performance, Ecological Engineering 67 (2014) 89-94.
Calheiros C.S., Bessa V.S., Mesquita R.B., Brix H., Rangel A.O., Castro P.M., Constructed wetland with a polyculture of ornamental plants for wastewater treatment at a rural tourism facility, Ecological Engineering 79 (2015) 1-7.
Carballeira T., Ruiz I., Soto M., Effect of plants and surface loading rate on the treatment efficiency of shallow subsurface constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 90 (2016) 203-214.
Chang J.-j., Wu S.-q., Dai Y.-r., Liang W., Wu Z.-b., Treatment performance of integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland plots for domestic wastewater, Ecological Engineering 44 (2012) 152-159.
Geng Y., Han W., Yu C., Jiang Q., Wu J., Chang J., Ge Y., Effect of plant diversity on phosphorus removal in hydroponic microcosms simulating floating constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 107 (2017) 110-119.
Giri P.M., and Kumar S., Constructed wetlands for water quality improvement, recycling and reuse, Journal of Aquatic Biology and Fisheries 2 (2013) 759-763.
Karathanasis A., Potter C., Coyne M., Vegetation effects on fecal bacteria, BOD, and suspended solid removal in constructed wetlands treating domestic wastewater, Ecological Engineering 20 (2003) 157-169.
Kyambadde J., Kansiime F., Gumaelius L., Dalhammar G., A comparative study of Cyperus papyrus and Miscanthidium violaceum-based constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment in a tropical climate, Water Research 38 (2004) 475-485.
Leiva A.M., Núñez R., Gómez G., López D., Vidal G., Performance of ornamental plants in monoculture and polyculture horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for treating wastewater, Ecological Engineering 120 (2018) 116-125.
Liang M.-Q., Zhang C.-F., Peng C.-L., Lai Z.-L., Chen D.-F., Chen Z.-H., Plant growth, community structure, and nutrient removal in monoculture and mixed constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 37 (2011) 309-316.
Merino-Solís M.L., Villegas E., De Anda J., López-López A., The effect of the hydraulic retention time on the performance of an ecological wastewater treatment system: an anaerobic filter with a constructed wetland, Water 7 (2015) 1149-1163.
Rodier J., Legube B., Merlet N., Analyse de l’eau Rodier, 9th ED., Paris; (2009).
Sandoval L., Zamora-Castro S.A., Vidal-Álvarez M., Marín-Muñiz J.L., Role of wetland plants and use of ornamental flowering plants in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment: A review, Applied Sciences 9 (2019) 685-701.
Stefanakis A.I., Akratos C.S., Gikas G.D., Tsihrintzis V.A., Effluent quality improvement of two pilot-scale, horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands using natural zeolite (clinoptilolite), Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 124 (2009) 131-143.
Stefanakis A.I., and Tsihrintzis V.A., Effects of loading, resting period, temperature, porous media, vegetation and aeration on performance of pilot-scale vertical flow constructed wetlands, Chemical Engineering Journal 181 (2012) 416-430.
Stottmeister U., Wießner A., Kuschk P., Kappelmeyer U., Kästner M., Bederski O., Müller R., Moormann H., Effects of plants and microorganisms in constructed wetlands for wastewater treatment, Biotechnology Advances 22 (2003) 93-117.
Tsihrintzis V.A., The use of vertical flow constructed wetlands in wastewater treatment, Water Resources Management 31 (2017) 3245-3270.
Türker O. C., Türe C., Böcük H., Çiçek A., Yakar A., Role of plants and vegetation structure on boron (B) removal process in constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 88 (2016a) 143-152.
Türker O.C., Türe C., Böcük H., Yakar A., Phyto-management of boron mine effluent using native macrophytes in mono-culture and poly-culture constructed wetlands, Ecological Engineering 94 (2016b) 65-74.
Vohla C., Alas R., Nurk K., Baatz S., Mander Ü., Dynamics of phosphorus, nitrogen and carbon removal in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland, Science of the Total Environment 380 (2007) 66-74.
Xu X., Mills G., Lindell A., Peck E., Korotasz A., Burgess E., The performance of a free surface and metal-removing constructed wetland: How a young wetland becomes mature, Ecological Engineering 133 (2019) 32-38.
Yalcuk A., and Ugurlu, A., Comparison of horizontal and vertical constructed wetland systems for landfill leachate treatment, Bioresource Technology 100 (2009) 2521-2526.
Zamora S., Sandoval L., Marín-Muñíz J.L., Fernández-Lambert G., Hernández-Orduña M.G., Impact of ornamental vegetation type and different substrate layers on pollutant removal in constructed wetland mesocosms treating rural community wastewater, Processes 7 (2019) 531-540.
Zhang L., Lyu T., Zhang, Y., Button M., Arias C.A., Weber K.P., Brix H., Carvalho P.N., Impacts of design configuration and plants on the functionality of the microbial community of mesocosm-scale constructed wetlands treating ibuprofen, Water Research 131 (2018) 228-238.
Zhang Z., Rengel Z., Meney K., Nutrient removal from simulated wastewater using Canna indica and Schoenoplectus validus in mono-and mixed-culture in wetland microcosms, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 183 (2007) 95-105.
Zheng Y., Yang D., Dzakpasu M., Yang Q., Liu Y., Zhang H., Zhang L., Wang X. C., Zhao Y., Effects of plants competition on critical bacteria selection and pollutants dynamics in a long-term polyculture constructed wetland, Bioresource Technology 316 (2020) 123927.
Zhou Q., Zhu H., Bañuelos G., Yan B., Liang Y., Yu X., Cheng X., Chen L., Effects of vegetation and temperature on nutrient removal and microbiology in horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for treatment of domestic sewage, Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 228 (2017) 1-13.
Zhu H., Zhou Q.-w., Yan B.-x., Liang Y.-x., Yu X.-f., Gerchman Y., Cheng X.-w., Influence of vegetation type and temperature on the performance of constructed wetlands for nutrient removal, Water Science and Technology 77 (2018) 829-837.
Zurita F., Belmont M., De Anda J., White J., Seeking a way to promote the use of constructed wetlands for domestic wastewater treatment in developing countries, Water Science and Technology 63 (2011) 654-659.
)