Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
10.22126/arww.2024.10163.1320
Abstract
Cost-effective dye wastewater treatment approaches are critically required for the long-term sustainability of textile industries. To fill the gaps, multiple high-potential adsorbents derived from biomass have been proposed. For this purpose, this study was conducted to present an applicable and cost-effective biochar synthesized from cow dung to remove methylene blue from the aqueous solutions. The potential of cow dung-based biochar was optimized under various pH, biochar dose, methylene blue concentration, contact time, and temperature. The maximum removal was 96% achieved at optimum conditions, 20 mg/l methylene blue concentration, 0.2 g biochar dose, pH of 6, and 90 min contact time at ambient temperature. The methylene blue adsorption process followed the Freundlich isotherm (R2=0.9827) and pseudo-second-order (R2=0.999) kinetic models, implying multilayered adsorption on the heterogenous surface and chemisorption mechanism, respectively. Furthermore, the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic due to negative Gibbs free energy (ΔG0) and enthalpy (ΔH0) with the reduction at randomness of methylene blue molecules and adsorbent interaction based on negative entropy (ΔS0). Regarding the high efficiency of cow dung-based biochar to adsorb methylene blue, it is recommended that further investigations consider the biochar activation and functionalization intending to upgrade its adsorption capacity.
Keywords
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Li, K. et al. (2017) 'Preparation of nitrogen-doped cotton stalk microporous activated carbon fiber electrodes with different surface area from hexamethylenetetramine-modified cotton stalk for electrochemical degradation of methylene blue', Results in physics, 7, pp. 656-664. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.01.030
Li, Q. et al. (2022) 'Kinetics of the hydrogen absorption and desorption processes of hydrogen storage alloys: A review', International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy and Materials, 29, pp. 32-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-021-2337-8
Liu, Q. et al. (2020) 'Edge activation of an inert polymeric carbon nitride matrix with boosted absorption kinetics and near-infrared response for efficient photocatalytic CO2 reduction', Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 8, pp. 11761-11772. doi: https://doi.org/10.1039/D0TA03870A
Majd, M. M. et al. (2022) 'Adsorption isotherm models: A comprehensive and systematic review (2010− 2020)', Science of The Total Environment, 812, pp. 151334. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151334
Misran, E. et al. (2022) 'Banana stem based activated carbon as a low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue removal: Isotherm, kinetics, and reusability', Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61, pp. 1946-1955. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.07.022
Nowrouzi, M. et al. (2017) 'An enhanced counter-current approach towards activated carbon from waste tissue with zero liquid discharge', Chemical Engineering Journal, 326, pp. 934-944. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.05.141
Nowrouzi, M.,Younesi, H., Bahramifar, N. (2018) 'Superior CO2 capture performance on biomass-derived carbon/metal oxides nanocomposites from Persian ironwood by H3PO4 activation', Fuel, 223, pp. 99-114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.035
Ofgea, N. M.,Tura, A. M., Fanta, G. M. (2022) 'Activated carbon from H3PO4-activated Moringa stenopetale seed husk for removal of methylene blue: optimization using the response surface method (RSM)', Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 16, pp. 100214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2022.100214
Pandey, B. et al. (2021) 'Phytostabilization of coal mine overburden waste, exploiting the phytoremedial efficacy of lemongrass under varying level of cow dung manure', Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 208, pp. 111757. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111757
Patty, D. J.,Loupatty, G., Sopalauw, F. (2017) 'Interpretation FTIR spectrum of seawater and sediment in the Ambon Bay (TAD)', AIP Conference Proceedings, 1801, pp. 1-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4973109
Peer, F. E.,Bahramifar, N., Younesi, H. (2018) 'Removal of Cd (II), Pb (II) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution by polyamidoamine dendrimer grafted magnetic graphene oxide nanosheets', Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 87, pp. 225-240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.039
Putranto, A. et al. (2022) 'Effects of pyrolysis temperature and impregnation ratio on adsorption kinetics and isotherm of methylene blue on corn cobs activated carbons', South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 42, pp. 91-97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2022.07.008
Rajahmundry, G. K. et al. (2021) 'Statistical analysis of adsorption isotherm models and its appropriate selection', Chemosphere, 276, pp. 130176. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130176
Rajkumar, S. et al. (2019) 'Low-cost fluoride adsorbents prepared from a renewable biowaste: syntheses, characterization and modeling studies', Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 12, pp. 3004-3017. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2015.06.028
Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha, D. et al. (2022) 'Activated carbon derived from waste orange and lemon peels for the adsorption of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes from wastewater', Heliyon, 8, pp. e09930. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09930
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