Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Faculty of Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Setaoe-cho, Shiga, Japan
Abstract
The fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposition onto pipes is a serious problem in wastewater management, especially in restaurants that have a limited space and no expert for water treatment. In this research effects of ozonized water treatment on controlling FOG deposition were discussed using lard as a model FOG deposit. Since ozonized water can be produced from tap water with an electrolysis ozonized water generator, ozonized water treatment has a potential to be a compact and easily operable process. A series of batch tests with 24-hours contact time revealed that ozonized water successfully prevented liquid lard from solidifying and enhanced the elution of solid lard. Both functions were proportionally intensified with the increase in ozone consumption. An intermittent ozonized-water flushing with 200-seconds contact time using a model drainpipe, whose inner wall was covered with solid lard, was also effective in removing lard from the drainpipe with the linear relationship between the lard elution and the ozone consumption. The observed ratio of the cumulative mass of eluted lard to the cumulative ozone consumption was 1.15±0.04 mgC/mgO3. Thus, the intermittent flushing of drainpipe with ozonized water was inferred to be an effective option for controlling FOG deposition.
Keywords
method: A submitted standard method, Ozone: Science &
Engineering 4 (1982) 169–176.
Bratsch S.G., Standard electrode potentials and temperature
coefficients in water at 298.15 K, Journal of Physical and Chemical
Reference Data 18 (1989) 1–21.
Brooksbank A.M., Latchford J.W., Mudge S.M., Degradation and
modification of fats, oils and grease by commercial microbial
supplements, World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology 23
(2007) 977–985.
Fujimoto N., Ishibashi S., Taguchi K., Yamamoto H., Ogata S.,
Experimental study on the waste-liquid treatment by high ozone
concentration for the kitchen at a restaurant industry, Environmental
Science 16 (2003) 117–123.
Gary E., Sneddon J., Determination of the effect of enzymes in a grease
trap, Microchemical Journal 61(1999) 53–57.
Glaze W.H., Kang J.-W., Chapin D.H., The chemistry of water treatment
processes involving ozone, hydrogen peroxide and ultraviolet
radiation, Ozone: Science & Engineering 9 1987) 335–352.
He X., Iasmin M., Dean L.O., Lappi S.E., Ducoste J.J., de los Reyes
F.L., Evidence for fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposit formation
mechanisms in sewer lines, Environmental Science & Technology
45 (2011) 4385–4391.
He X., de los Reyes III F.L., Leming M.L., Dean L.O., Lappi S.E.,
Ducoste J.J., Mechanisms of fat, oil and grease (FOG) deposit
formation in sewer lines, Water Research 47 (2013) 4451–4459.
Keener K.M., Ducoste J.J., Holt L.M., Properties influencing fat, oil, and
grease deposit formation, Water Environment Research 80 (2008)
2241–2246.
Kritchevsky D., Fats and Oils in Human Health,. in: C. C. Akoh, D. B.
Min (Eds.), Food Lipids: Chemistry, Nutrition, and Biotechnology,
Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 543–558, (2002).
MEXT, Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan -2015-, 17th Ed.
MEXT (Ed.), Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and
Technology, Tokyo, (2016).
Nishiki Y., Kitaori N., Nakamuro K., Performances of small-sized
generator of ozone-dissolved water using boron-doped diamond
electrodes, Ozone: Science & Engineering 33 (2011) 114–120.
Pryor W.A., Squadrito G.L., Friedman M., The cascade mechanism to
explain ozone toxicity: The role of lipid ozonation products, Free
Radical Biology and Medicine 19 (1995) 935–941.
Sugimori D., Microbial treatment of wastewater contaminated by lipids,.
Bulletin of the Society of Sea Water Science, Japan 65 (2011) 272–
279.
Tanaka M., Water Pollution and Pollutants Source, in: METI (Ed.),
Technologies and Laws on Pollution Control: Water Quality,
Maruzen, Tokyo, pp. 21–60, (1995) (in Japanese).
Wada S., Cookery and fat,. Science of Cookery 4 (1971) 123–127 (in
Japanese).
Wakelin N.G., Forster C.F., An investigation into microbial removal of
fats, oils and greases, Bioresource Technology 59 (1997) 37–43.
Williams J.B., Clarkson C., Mant C., Drinkwater A., May E., Fat, oil and
grease deposits in sewers: Characterisation of deposits and
formation mechanisms, Water Research 46 (2012) 6319–632.
)