Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Water and Wastewater Research Center (WWRC), Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg
Abstract
The degradation of an industrial wastewater (Tire Cord factory) with low BOD5/COD ratio (0.1-0.2) was investigated using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (i.e. hydrogen peroxide, UV/H2O2, O3/H2O2 and UV/O3/H2O2 treatments). In order to investigate the effects of influential variables on the process performance, four independent factors involving two numerical factors (initial H2O2 concentration and initial pH) and two categorical factors (ozonation and UV irradiation) were selected. The process was modeled and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The region of exploration for the process was taken as the area enclosed by initial H2O2 concentration (0-20 mM) and initial pH (3-11) boundaries at three levels. For two categorical factors (ozonation and UV irradiation), the experiments were performed at two levels (with and without application of each factor). Two dependent parameters (TCOD removal and BOD5/COD ratio) were studied as the process responses. As a result, initial H2O2 concentration showed a reverse impact on the responses; an increasing effect at low concentrations (0-10 m mol/l) and a decreeing effect at higher concentrations (10-20 m mol/l). The maximum and minimum the responses were obtained at H2O2 concentration of 10 and 20 mmol/l and initial pH 3 and 11, respectively. O3/UV/H2O2 system showed better performance with 32 % for TCOD removal efficiency and 0.41 for BOD5/COD ratio.
Keywords
American Public Health Association (APHA). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 20th.Washington: 1999.
Crittenden J.C., Hu Sh., Hand D.W., Green S.A., kinetic model for H2O2/UV process in a completely mixed batch reactor, Water Research 33 (1999) 2315-2328.
Di Marzio W.D., Saenz M., Alberdi J., Tortorelli M., Silvana G., Risk assessment of domestic and industrial effluents unloaded into a freshwater environment, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 61 (2005) 380–391.
Garoma T., Gurol M.D., Thotakura L., Osibodu O., Degradation of tert-butyl formate and its intermediates by an ozone/UV process, Chemosphere 73 (2008) 1708–1715.
Ghaly M.Y., Hartel G., Mayer R., Haseneder R., Photochemical oxidation of p-chlorophenol by UV/H2O2 and photo-Fenton process. A comparative study, Waste Management 21 (2001) 41-47.
Ghaly M.Y., Hartel G., Mayer R., Haseneder R., Photochemical oxidation of p-chlorophenol by UV/H2O2 and photo-Fenton process. A comparative study, Waste Management 21 (2001) 41-47.
Guedes Maniero M., Maia Bila D., Dezotti M., Degradation and estrogenic activity removal of 17β-estradioland 17α-ethinylestradiol by ozonation and O3/H2O2, Science of the Total Environment 407 (2008) 105-115.
Haji Sh, Benstaali B, Al-Bastaki N. Degradation of methyl orange by UV/H2O2 advanced oxidation process, Chemical Engineering Journal 168 (2011) 134–139.
Horsing M., Kosjek T., Andersen H.R., Heath E., Ledin A., Fate of citalopram during water treatment with O3, ClO2, UV and fenton oxidation, Chemosphere 89 (2012) 129–135.
Im J.K., Cho I.l.H., Kim S.K., Zoh K.D., Optimization of carbamazepine removal in O3/UV/H2O2 system using a response surface methodology with central composite design, Desalination 285 (2012) 306–314.
Katsoyiannis I.A., Canonica S., Von Gunten U., Efficiency and energy requirements for the transformation of organic micropollutants by ozone, O3/H2O2 and UV/H2O2, Water Research 45 (2011) 3811-3822.
Katsoyiannis I.A., Canonica S., Von Gunten U., Efficiency and energy requirements for the transformation of organic micropollutants by ozone, O3/H2O2 and UV/H2O2, Water Research 45 (2011) 3811-1822.
Keller V., Bernhardt P., Garin F., Photocatalytic oxidation of butyl acetate in vapor phase on TiO2, Pt/TiO2 and WO3/TiO2 catalysts, Journal of catalysis 215 (2003) 129–138.
Khuri AI, Cornell JA. Response surfaces: design and analyses. 2nd edition., Marcel Dekker, New York, 1996.
Kosaka K, Yamada H., Shishida K, Echigo Sh, Minear RA, Tsuno H, Matsui S. Evaluation of the treatment performance of a multistage ozone/ hydrogen peroxide process by decomposition by-products, Water Research 35 (2001) 3587–3594.
Kuehl R.O., Design of Experiments: Statistical Principles of Research Design and Analysis. 2nd edition., Duxbury Press, Pacific Grove, (2000) 2–225.
Kusic H., Koprivanac N., Srsan L., Azo dye degradation using Fenton type processes assisted by UV irradiation: A kinetic study, Journal of Photochemistry and photobiology A: Chemistry 181 (2006) 195–202.
Latifoglu A., Gurol M.D., The effect of humic acids on nitrobenzene oxidation by ozonation and O3/UV processes, Water Research 37 (2003) 1879–1889.
Lin F., Zhang Y., Wang L., Zhang Y., Wang D., Yang M., Yang J., Zhang B., Jiang Z., Li C., Highly efficient photocatalytic oxidation of sulfur-containing organic compounds and dyes on TiO2 with dual cocatalysts Pt and RuO2, Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 127 (2012) 363– 370.
Lucas M.S., Peres J.A., Li Puma G., Treatment of winery wastewater by ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (O3, O3/UV andO3/UV/H2O2) in a pilot-scale bubble column reactor and process economics, Separation and Purification Technology 72 (2010) 235–241.
Lucas M.S., Peres J.A., Li Puma G., Treatment of winery wastewater by ozone-based advanced oxidation processes (O3, O3/UV and O3/UV/H2O2) in a pilot-scale bubble column reactor and process economics, Separation and Purification Technology 72 (2010) 235–241.
Nyangiro D., New application of ozone in the treatment of chemical pulps. Ph.D. Thesis, EFPG/INPG. France: 2003.
Poyatos J.M., Munio M.M., Almecija M.C., Torres J.C., Hontoria E., Osorio F., Advanced Oxidation Processes for Wastewater Treatment: State of the Art, Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 2010;205:187–204.
Qiang Z, Liu Ch, Dong B, Zhang Y. Degradation mechanism of alachlor during direct ozonation and O3/H2O2 advanced oxidation process. Chemosphere 78 (2010) 517–526.
Rosenfeldt E.J., Linden K.G., Canonica S., Von Gunten U., Comparison of the efficiency of.OH radical formation during ozonation and the advanced oxidation processes O3/H2O2 and UV/H2O2, Water Research 40 (2006) 3695 – 3704.
Safarzadeh-Amiri A., O3/H2O2 treatment of methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE) in contaminated waters, Water Research 35 (2001) 3706–3714.
Sanchez-Polo M, Rivera-Utrilla J, Mendez-Diaz JD, Canonica S, Von-Gunten U. Photooxidation of naphthalenesulfonic acids: Comparison between processes based on O3, O3/activated carbon and UV/H2O2, Chemosphere 68 (2007) 1814–1820.
Shen Y.Sh., Ku Y., Treatment of Gas-phase Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) by the UV/O3 process, Chemosphere 38 (1999) 1855-1866.
Shi H., Industrial wastewater-types, amounts and effects. Point sources of pollution: local effects and its control (2003) 1:442.
Sousy E., Hussen K., Hartani A., Elimination of Organic Pollutants using Supported Catalysts with Hydrogen Peroxide, Jordan Journal of Chemistry 2 (2007) 97-103.
Page
)