Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
10.22126/arww.2024.10144.1319
Abstract
Agricultural product processing generates substantial quantities of agricultural waste and their disposal has become a critical concern, threatening human health and the environment. The pyrolysis process is an upgrading technology for producing valuable products from waste feedstocks. Hence, the potential of eco-friendly biochar derived from cotton waste was comprehensively investigated for methylene blue removal. The cotton-based biochar contained various pore sizes and functional groups on the surface verified by SEM and FTIR analyses. The impacts of adsorbent dose, methylene blue concentration, temperature, pH, and contact time on the adsorption of methylene blue were assessed to highlight the efficiency of the cotton-based biochar. The results revealed >90% removal under 10 mg/l methylene blue concentration, 0.7 g adsorbent dose, pH of 6, and contact time of 60 min at a temperature of 20 ⁰C. The adsorption isotherm was well-fitted with the Freundlich model, indicating the multilayer methylene blue adsorption. The adsorption process was chemisorption and endothermic based on kinetic and thermodynamic modeling. Summing up, it can be suggested that the cotton-based biochar can be easily and efficiently applied for methylene blue removal from aqueous solutions, and further investigations are required to modify its specific surface area by a green synthesis approach.
Keywords
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Huang, Z. et al. (2017) 'Modified bentonite adsorption of organic pollutants of dye wastewater', Materials Chemistry and Physics, 202, pp. 266-276. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.09.028
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Peer, F. E.,Bahramifar, N., and Younesi, H. (2018) 'Removal of Cd (II), Pb (II) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution by polyamidoamine dendrimer grafted magnetic graphene oxide nanosheets', Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 87, pp. 225-240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.039
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Rastgar, S. et al. (2023) 'Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light irradiation by magnetic diesel tank sludge (MDTS)', Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, pp. 1-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04062-7
Saeed, A. A. H. et al. (2020) 'Eucheuma cottonii seaweed-based biochar for adsorption of methylene blue dye', Sustainability, 12, pp. 10318. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410318
Santhosh, C. et al. (2017) 'Magnetic SiO2@CoFe2O4 nanoparticles decorated on graphene oxide as efficient adsorbents for the removal of anionic pollutants from water', Chemical Engineering Journal, 322, pp. 472-487. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.03.144
Shen, X. et al. (2015) 'Sorption mechanisms of organic compounds by carbonaceous materials: site energy distribution consideration', Environmental Science & Technology, 49, pp. 4894-4902. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/es506034e
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Bayahia, H. (2022) 'Green synthesis of activated carbon doped tungsten trioxide photocatalysts using leaf of basil (Ocimum basilicum) for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under sunlight', Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 26, pp. 101432. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101432
de Souza, C. C. et al. (2022) 'Activated carbon of Coriandrum sativum for adsorption of methylene blue: Equilibrium and kinetic modeling', Cleaner Materials, 3, pp. 100052. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clema.2022.100052
Durrani, W. Z. et al. (2022) 'Adsorption efficiency of date palm based activated carbon-alginate membrane for methylene blue', Chemosphere, 302, pp. 134793. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134793
Einollahipeer, F., and Okati, N. (2022) 'High efficient Hg (II) and TNP removal by NH2 grafted magnetic graphene oxide synthesized from Typha latifolia', Environmental Technology, 43, pp. 3956-3972. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2021.1937708
El-Reash, Y. A. et al. (2023) 'Highly fluorescent hydroxyl groups functionalized graphitic carbon nitride for ultrasensitive and selective determination of mercury ions in water and fish samples', Journal of Analytical Science and Technology, 14, pp. 16. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-023-00379-0
Espina, A.,Sanchez-Cortes, S., and Jurašeková, Z. (2022) 'Vibrational study (Raman, SERS, and IR) of plant gallnut polyphenols related to the fabrication of iron gall inks', Molecules, 27, pp. 279. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27010279
Fahad, A. et al. (2015) 'Wastewater and its Treatment Techniques: An Ample', Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 12, pp. 25. doi: https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2019/v12i25/146059
Fan, S. et al. (2017) 'Removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution by sewage sludge-derived biochar: Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics and mechanism', Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, 5, pp. 601-611. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2016.12.019
Fawcett-Hirst, W. et al. (2021) 'A review of treatment methods for insensitive high explosive contaminated wastewater', Heliyon, 7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07438
Ferreira, N. S. et al. (2021) 'Visible-light-responsive photocatalytic activity significantly enhanced by active [VZn+ VO+] defects in self-assembled ZnO nanoparticles', Inorganic Chemistry, 60, pp. 4475-4496. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03327
Franciski, M. A. et al. (2018) 'Development of CO2 activated biochar from solid wastes of a beer industry and its application for methylene blue adsorption', Waste Management, 78, pp. 630-638. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.06.040
Francoeur, M. et al. (2022) 'Optimization of the synthesis of activated carbon prepared from Sargassum (sp.) and its use for tetracycline, penicillin, caffeine and methylene blue adsorption from contaminated water', Environmental Technology & Innovation, 28, pp. 102940. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2022.102940
Ganesan, P.,Kamaraj, R., and Vasudevan, S. (2013) 'Application of isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic models for the adsorption of nitrate ions on graphene from aqueous solution', Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 44, pp. 808-814. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2013.01.029
Gao, Y. et al. (2022) 'Steam activation tuned porous structure and surface wetting behaviors of mesoporous biochars for corrosive oily wastewater treatments', Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 97, pp. 2179-2185. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.7096
Güleç, F. et al. (2022) 'A comprehensive comparative study on methylene blue removal from aqueous solution using biochars produced from rapeseed, whitewood, and seaweed via different thermal conversion technologies', Fuel, 330, pp. 125428. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125428
Huang, Z. et al. (2017) 'Modified bentonite adsorption of organic pollutants of dye wastewater', Materials Chemistry and Physics, 202, pp. 266-276. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2017.09.028
Inyinbor, A., Adekola, F., and Olatunji, G. A. (2016) 'Kinetics, isotherms and thermodynamic modeling of liquid phase adsorption of Rhodamine B dye onto Raphia hookerie fruit epicarp', Water Resources and Industry, 15, pp. 14-27. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2016.06.001
Li, K. et al. (2017) 'Preparation of nitrogen-doped cotton stalk microporous activated carbon fiber electrodes with different surface area from hexamethylenetetramine-modified cotton stalk for electrochemical degradation of methylene blue', Results in physics, 7, pp. 656-664. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.01.030
Liu, S. et al. (2019) 'A modified method for enhancing adsorption capability of banana pseudostem biochar towards methylene blue at low temperature', Bioresource technology, 282, pp. 48-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2019.02.092
Liu, X.-J.,Li, M.-F., and Singh, S. K. (2021) 'Manganese-modified lignin biochar as adsorbent for removal of methylene blue', journal of materials research and technology, 12, pp. 1434-1445. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2021.03.076
Liu, Y. et al. (2012) 'Characterization of bio-char from pyrolysis of wheat straw and its evaluation on methylene blue adsorption', Desalination and Water Treatment, 46, pp. 115-123. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.677408
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Malik, K. et al. (2020) 'Enhanced ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation post acidic and alkali chemical pretreatments of cotton stalk lignocellulose', International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 147, pp. 104869. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2019.104869
Misran, E. et al. (2022) 'Banana stem based activated carbon as a low-cost adsorbent for methylene blue removal: Isotherm, kinetics, and reusability', Alexandria Engineering Journal, 61, pp. 1946-1955. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2021.07.022
Nemcik, J. et al. (2022) 'Wastewater Treatment Modeling Methods Review', IFAC-PapersOnLine, 55, pp. 195-200. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.06.032
Nowrouzi, M. et al. (2017) 'An enhanced counter-current approach towards activated carbon from waste tissue with zero liquid discharge', Chemical Engineering Journal, 326, pp. 934-944. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.05.141
Nowrouzi, M.,Younesi, H., and Bahramifar, N. (2017) 'High efficient carbon dioxide capture onto as-synthesized activated carbon by chemical activation of Persian Ironwood biomass and the economic pre-feasibility study for scale-up', Journal of Cleaner Production, 168, pp. 499-509. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.080
Nowrouzi, M.,Younesi, H., and Bahramifar, N. (2018) 'Superior CO2 capture performance on biomass-derived carbon/metal oxides nanocomposites from Persian ironwood by H3PO4 activation', Fuel, 223, pp. 99-114. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2018.03.035
Ofgea, N. M.,Tura, A. M., and Fanta, G. M. (2022) 'Activated carbon from H3PO4-activated Moringa stenopetale seed husk for removal of methylene blue: optimization using the response surface method (RSM)', Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, 16, pp. 100214. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2022.100214
Pandey, D. et al. (2022) 'Valorization of waste pine needle biomass into biosorbents for the removal of methylene blue dye from water: Kinetics, equilibrium and thermodynamics study', Environmental Technology & Innovation, 25, pp. 102200. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.102200
Peer, F. E.,Bahramifar, N., and Younesi, H. (2018) 'Removal of Cd (II), Pb (II) and Cu (II) ions from aqueous solution by polyamidoamine dendrimer grafted magnetic graphene oxide nanosheets', Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 87, pp. 225-240. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2018.03.039
Phonlam, T. et al. (2023) 'Ammonia modification of activated carbon derived from biomass via gamma irradiation vs. hydrothermal method for methylene blue removal', South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 43, pp. 67-78. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2022.10.004
Putranto, A. et al. (2022) 'Effects of pyrolysis temperature and impregnation ratio on adsorption kinetics and isotherm of methylene blue on corn cobs activated carbons', South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 42, pp. 91-97. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajce.2022.07.00
Ramutshatsha-Makhwedzha, D. et al. (2022) 'Activated carbon derived from waste orange and lemon peels for the adsorption of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes from wastewater', Heliyon, 8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09930
Rashid, R. A. et al. (2016) 'KOH-activated carbon developed from biomass waste: adsorption equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic studies for Methylene blue uptake', Desalination and Water Treatment, 57, pp. 27226-27236. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2016.1167630
Rastgar, S. et al. (2022) 'Low-cost magnetic char derived from oily sludge for Methylene Blue dye removal: optimization, isotherm, and kinetic approach', Advances in Environmental Technology, 8, pp. 329-343. doi: https://doi.org/10.22104/AET.2022.5795.1595
Rastgar, S. et al. (2023) 'Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV light irradiation by magnetic diesel tank sludge (MDTS)', Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery, pp. 1-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-023-04062-7
Saeed, A. A. H. et al. (2020) 'Eucheuma cottonii seaweed-based biochar for adsorption of methylene blue dye', Sustainability, 12, pp. 10318. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su122410318
Santhosh, C. et al. (2017) 'Magnetic SiO2@CoFe2O4 nanoparticles decorated on graphene oxide as efficient adsorbents for the removal of anionic pollutants from water', Chemical Engineering Journal, 322, pp. 472-487. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2017.03.144
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