Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Department of mechanical engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract
Although during the last two decades many studies have proved the effectiveness of the reverse osmosis system and this system has been used as a suitable and efficient method to treat drinking and industrial water and to desalinate the seawater, salt water, as well as sewage, it has some shortcomings, including sensitivity to ions, microorganisms, and organic matter in feed water causing problems such as scaling, fouling, as well as biofouling. Acidification of the permeate and its low pH are also other drawbacks of this system. This study is designed based on a two-pass reverse osmosis system, and each pass includes two stages (to provide higher system recovery). Moreover, ion exchange resin and AMBERPACK tank are used as pre-treatments considering the common problems of reverse osmosis system. Such fouling has been done to provide the required quality. It should be noted that by using the exchange resin system instead of the acid injection system, the TDS rate changed from 3.15 to 1.27 mg/L, which is equivalent to 59.68 % improvement, the LSI parameter, which in previous cases indicated severe fouling, ideally changed to -1.35 and -2.01. Also, the working pressure decreased from 13.7 bar to 12.5 bar, which indicates an 8.76 % improvement in working conditions.
Keywords
Abbasa A., and Rand Rafea A., Design of reverse osmosis membrane for softening of groundwater at the site of agriculture College –University of Tikrit –Iraq by using ROSA-72 software, Materials Today 42 (2021) 2058-2063.
Aghababaei N., Reverse osmosis design with IMS design software to produce drinking water in Bandar Abbas, Iran, Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater 7 (2017) 314-318.
Alert performance chemicals Gujarat Pvt. Ltd. Feed water characteristics as per IS:10392-1982.
Amiri M., and Samiei M., Enhancing permeate flux in a RO plant by controlling membrane fouling, Desalination 207 (2007) 361-369.
Arola K., Bruggen B., Mänttäri M., Kallioinen M., Treatment options for nanofiltration and reverse osmosis concentrates from municipal wastewater treatment: A review, Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology 49 (2019) 1-68.
Carter N., Desalination & membrane technologies: federal research and adoption issues, Congressional Research Service 700 (2015) 1-19.
Film Tec reverse osmosis membranes technical manual, Version 9, 2021.
Fritzmann C., Löwenberg J., Wintgens T., Melin T., State-of-the art of reverse osmosis, Desalination 216 (2007) 1-76
Joo S.H., and Tansel B., Novel technologies for reverse osmosis concentrate treatment: A review, Journal of Environmental Management 150 (2015) 322-335.
Kim Y.M., Kim S.J., Kim Y.S., Lee S., Kim I.S., Kim J.H., Overview of systems engineering approaches for a large scale seawater desalination plant with a reverse osmosis network, Desalination 238 (2009) 312-332.
Sassi K.M., and Mujtaba I.M., Effective design of reverse osmosis based desalination process considering wide range of salinity and seawater temperature, Desalination 306 (2012) 8-16.
Sassi K.M., and Mujtaba I.M., MINLP based superstructure optimization for boron removal during desalination by reverse osmosis, Journal of Membrane Science 440 (2013) 29-39.
Stillwell S.A., and Webber M.E., Predicting the specific energy consumption of reverse osmosis desalination, Water 8 (2016) 1-18.
WHO and UNICEF, Progress on household drinking water, sanitation and hygiene 2000‒2020: Five years into the SDGs, Geneva/New York., (2021).
)