Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Centre for Environmental Studies, PCSIR Labs Complex Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
2 Engineering Services Centre, PCSIR Labs Complex Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan.
Abstract
Presently, Pakistan is the 8th largest exporter of textile products in the world and
this sector is considered the backbone of Pakistan’s economy. Due to intensified
use of dyes, chemicals, and water, the textile sector is also listed as the highest
contributor to environmental pollution. Therefore, to approach the demand of new
global trend towards sustainability, the textile industry along with others need to
focus on resource recovery and reuse. The present study was therefore planned
for the treatment of textile effluent composed from 04 textile mill samples. The
textile effluent is treated by employing coagulation, ozone oxidation, and
ultrafiltration techniques. All the samples exceeded the standard limits as given in
Sindh Environmental Quality Standard (SEQS 2016). Each individual treatment
provided promising results in terms of reduction in pollution load. Overall findings
revealed a remarkable decrease in total suspended solid (TSS) (96 %), total
dissolved solid (TDS) (78 %), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (93 %), Biological
Oxygen Demand-BOD (93 %), oil & grease (96 %) and heavy metals (HM) (98 %).
It is suggested that combined techniques are the best option for textile effluent
treatment.
Keywords
textile effluents using coagulation flocculation, International Journal
of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 5
(2016) 10233-10239.
Aleem M., Abdul N., Haroon R., Characterization and removal of dyeing
effluents by adsorption and coagulation methods, Journal Agriculture
Research 54 (2016)97-106.
Amel B.H., Nouredine B., Benaouda B., Laurent D., Synthetic textile
wastewater treatment: removal of Nylosan (N-2RBL) dye by
electrocoagulation, Desalination and Water Treatment 63 (2017) 78–
86.
APHA Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and
Wastewater, 23rd edition, American Public Health Association,
Washington DC., USA; 2017
Azhar A., Irfan A.S., Tehreem A., Faiza S., Sana I., Anam K., Nabeela
F., Muhammad T.J., Reuse of textile wastewater after treating with
combined process of chemical coagulation and electrocoagulation,
Polish Journal Environmental Stududies 28 (2019) 2565-2570.
Bilal U.A.S., and Kashif A., Mini review on textile effluent treatment,
Sci.Int.(Lahore) 27 (2015) 6177-6181.
Deepa C., A Review of the Textile Industries Waste Water Treatment
Methodologies, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research 7 (2016) 392-403.
Elorm O.E., and Sudesh R., Membrane technologies in wastewater
treatment: A review, Membranes 10 (2020) 1-28.
Fagbenro O. K.,and Hamidi A.A.,Textile wastewater and the advanced
oxidative treatment process, an overview, International Journal of
Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology 3
(2014) 15310-15317.
Inam U., Shaukat A., Muhammad A., Degradation of reactive black B
dye in wastewater using oxidation process, International Journal of
Chemical and Biochemical Sciences 4 (2013) 96-100.
Kang M., Hua Z., Yuwei P., ZhugenY., Biosensors for wastewaterbased
epidemiology for monitoring public health, Water Research
191 (2020) 1-13.
Mohamadreza M., Mansour G., Mansour R.A.,The removal of COD and
color from textile industry by chlorine hypochlorite, International
Journal of Advanced Science and Technology 76 (2015) 35-42.
Comparative evaluation of ultrafiltration and dynamic membranes in
an aerobic membrane bioreactor for municipal wastewater treatment,
Environmental Science Pollution Research International 26 (2019)
32723-32733.
Ozer A., Akkaya G., Turabik M., The removal of acid Red 274 from
wastewater: Combined biosorption and bio-coagulation with
Spirogyra rhizopus, Dyes and Pigments 71 (2019) 83–89.
Prasenjit M., Soumyadeep B., Debajyoti B., Study of environmental
issues in textile industries and recent wastewater treatment
technology, World Scientific News 61 (2017) 98-109.
Qaisar M., Shahida S., Muhammad B., Madiha T., Bibi S. Z., Zahid U.,
Arshad A., Chemical pollutants from an industrial estate in Pakistan:
a threat to environmental sustainability, Applied Water Science 9
(2019) 1-9.
Rafiq U.I., and Mostafa M.G., Characterization of textile dyeing effluent
and its treatment using polyaluminum chloride, Applied Water
Science 10 (2020) 119.
Rahman F., Treatment of industrial effluents for the discharge of textile
dyes using by techniques and adsorbents, Journal of Textile Science
& Engineering 6 (2016) 242-250.
Salahi A., Toraj M., Reza M.B., Mahmood H., Asymmetric
polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes for oily wastewater
treatment: Synthesis, characterization, ANFIS modeling, and
performance, Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering 3
(2015) 170-178.
Shahid B., Nusrat J., Akhtar S. Mohammad T., Razia B., Farooq A.,
Suhail A., Evaluation of toxic and essential metals in some selected
chewing food products and their daily intake by the population of
Karachi, Pakistan, Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 6 (2017) 223-
230.
Shraddha K., and Dipika K.J., Adsorption in combination with ozonation
for the treatment of textile waste water: A critical review, Frontier
Environmental Science Engineering 11 (2017) 1-18.
Shi B., Li G., Wang D., Feng C., Tang H., Removal of direct dyes by
coagulation- the performance of preformed polymeric aluminum
species, Journal of Hazardous Materials 143 (2007) 567–574.
Sindh Environmental Quality Standards. No. EPA/TECH/739/2014,
Self-Monitoring and Reporting by Industry Rules 2014.
Soares G.M.B., Teresa M., Amorim P., Lageiro M., Ferreira M.C., Pilot–
scale enzymatic decolourization of industrial dyeing process
wastewater, Textile Research Journal 76 (2006) 4–11.
Vasilica A., Simion I.C., Doina L., Constantin L., Ioannis P., Enhancing
the fenton process by UV light applied in textile wastewater treatment,
Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 14(2015) 595-
600.
Wafa M., Sihem S., Neji L.,Treatment of water soluble dyes in real
textile wastewater by Fenton’s Process, International Journal of
Scientific Research & Engineering Technology 3 (2015) 102-106.
Wang H., Su J.Q., Zheng X., Tian Y., Xiong X.J., Zheng T.L., Bacterial
decolourization and degradation of the reactive dye Reactive red 180
by Citrobacter sp. CK3, International Biodeterioration &
Biodegradation 63 (2009) 395–399.
)