Razi UniversityJournal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater2476-62834120170601Predicting the discharge coefficient of triangular plan form weirs using radian basis function and M5’ methods28128976710.22126/arww.2017.767ENAzamAkhbariDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.Amir HosseinZajiYoung Researches Club, Kermanshah Islamic Azad University.HamedAzimiYoung Researches Club, Kermanshah Islamic Azad University.0000-0002-3631-0946MohsenVafaeifardDepartment of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaJournal Article20171230Weirs are installed on open channels to adjust and measure the flow. Also, discharge coefficient is considered as the most important hydraulic parameter of a weir. In this study, using the Radial Base Neural Networks (RBNN) and M5' methods, the discharge coefficient of triangular plan form weirs is modeled. At first, the effective parameters in the prediction of the discharge coefficient are identified. Then, by combining the input parameters, for each of the RBNN and M5' methods, six different models are introduced. By analyzing the modeling results for all models, it was shown that the M5' model is capable of modeling the discharge coefficient more accurately. Also, based on the modeling results, a model that considered the impact of all input parameters was introduced as a superior model. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and correlation coefficients (R2) values for the preferred model in the test mode were calculated 2.774 and 0.831, respectively. Also, for each of the M5' models, some relationships were proposed to estimate the triangular plan form weirs. The evaluation of these relationships showed that the parameters of the ratio of head over the weir to channel width (h/B) and Froude number (Fr) were the most effective parameters in the prediction of the discharge coefficient.https://arww.razi.ac.ir/article_767_242e7e4e3ec2f52ee2f69d40962d9a5b.pdfRazi UniversityJournal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater2476-62834120170601Optimizing ANFIS for sediment transport in open channels using different evolutionary algorithms29029877310.22126/arww.2017.773ENSultan NomanQasemComputer Science Department, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Al Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud, Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaIsaEbtehajYoung Researchers and Elite Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran0000-0002-6906-629XHossienRiahi MadavarDepartment of water engineering, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, IranJournal Article20170122Flow through open channels can contain solids. The deposition of solids occasionally occurs due to insufficient flow velocity to transfer the solid particles, causing many problems with transfer systems. Therefore, a method to determine the limiting velocity (i.e. Fr) is required. In this paper, three alternative, hybrid evolutionary algorithm methods, including differential evolution (DE), genetic algorithm (GA) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) based on the adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system are presented: ANFIS-GA, ANFIS-DE and ANFIS-PSO. In these methods, evolutionary algorithms optimize the membership functions, and ANFIS adjusts the premises and consequent parameters to optimize prediction performance. The performance of the proposed methods is compared with that of the general ANFIS using three different datasets comprising a wide range of data. The results show that the hybrid models (ANFIS-GA, ANFIS-DE and ANFIS-PSO) are more accurate than general ANFIS in training with a hybrid algorithm (hybrid of back propagation and least squares). Among the evolutionary algorithms, ANFIS-PSO performed the best (R2=0.976, RMSE=0.26, MARE=0.057, BIAS=-0.004 and SI=0.059).https://arww.razi.ac.ir/article_773_d2ca3120c7e73d1b4bafcfe1163cb8bf.pdfRazi UniversityJournal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater2476-62834120170601Mean flow characteristics, vertical structures and bed shear stress at open channel bifurcation29930477410.22126/arww.2017.774ENAkbarSafarzadehDepartment of Technical Engr., University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, IranBabakKhaiatrostamiResearch Department, Ardabil Regional Water Co., IranJournal Article20170205Water supply from rivers is accomplished with flow diversion through an intake structure. A lateral intake like bifurcation is the simplest method to withdraw water. However, flow at a channel bifurcation is turbulent, highly three-dimensional (3D) and so has many complex features. This paper reports a 3D numerical investigation of these features in an open channel flow. Simulations have been done on rectangular channel geometry, with smooth bed and sidewalls. The standard k-ɛ, k-ω model of the Wilcox, and RSM turbulence models are compared using the commercial code FLUENT. The simulation results have been compared with available experimental data. It was found that all of the turbulence models tested here accurately predicted velocity profiles in the main channel but in the branch channel, the RSM model with the k-ω model performing better than the k-ɛ model. Predicted flow physics are in close agreement with previously reported experimental results.https://arww.razi.ac.ir/article_774_ecb613589f5961f36525e6d089ec1f11.pdfRazi UniversityJournal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater2476-62834120170601Investigating the capabilities of the NSGA-II multi-objective algorithm in automatic calibration of the WEAP model for simulating Jareh Dam and network system30531377510.22126/arww.2017.775ENArashAzariDepartment of Water Engineering, Razi University, IranMiladAsadiDepartment of Hydrology and Water Resources, Shahid Chamran University, IranJournal Article20170311In the simulation models of water resource systems, calibration processes should be performed to approximate the simulated values to the observed values due to the errors in such models. However, due to being time consuming and the difficulties associated with manual calibration, an automatic calibration model can be a resolver. In this research, the simulation of Jareh Dam and network system was conducted using the WEAP model. Then, by linking this model to the NSGA-II algorithm, its automatic calibration was performed by this algorithm. Nach statistical parameter was used to check the calibration accuracy of the model. The whole system was in the form of a multi-objective NSGA-II algorithm, in which the first objective function, which was to minimize the difference between the observed and the calculated reservoir storage volumes, was assessed versus the second objective function, which was to minimize the difference in the calculated and the simulated discharges, at two Mashin and Jokank stations. The results showed the remarkable ability of NSGA-II algorithm for automatic model calibration, so that the operation status of the dam and river was of the greatest consistency with reality.https://arww.razi.ac.ir/article_775_d4b1397bca253af599695eabb4d64a5c.pdfRazi UniversityJournal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater2476-62834120170601Reverse osmosis design with IMS design software to produce drinking water in Bandar Abbas, Iran31431877610.22126/arww.2017.776ENNafisehAghababaeiDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Tafresh University, Tafresh, Iran.Journal Article20170430Reverse osmosis (RO) has proven to be an efficient technique for desalination of seawater, brackish water, and reclaimed wastewater. However, the performance of RO desalination is sensitive to its design parameters and operating conditions. The purpose of this study was to modeling the removal of total dissolved solids (TDS) and Rejection of different ions are reported from water of city of Bandar Abbas. The main purpose of this work was the prepared drinking water intrusion model. In this study, a design method based on a simulation technique has been developed for optimizing RO desalination systems. The design is made with the use of Hydranautics design software version 2011. In this paper main focus is on the design part with software. The desalinated water obtained from reverse osmosis at a pressure of 1.2 MPa showed rejections of approximately 88.49 % for SO4 2 −, 61.42 % for TDS, 70.34 for Cl- and 50.85 for Na+. It shows that software gives accurate design with least possible error and user friendly so world while accepted. Blended water, produced by mixing groundwater and surface, was proposed to optimize the produce drinking water with a recovery rate of 95 %. Reverse osmosis is an excellent alternative for the supply of water in Bandar Abbas.https://arww.razi.ac.ir/article_776_5be9df7b9faffa53bf07da215370ce3b.pdfRazi UniversityJournal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater2476-62834120170601Advanced oxidation processes treating of Tire Cord production plant effluent: A comparative study31933077710.22126/arww.2017.777ENMaryamHabibiWater and Wastewater Research Center (WWRC), Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.Ali AkbarZinatizadehWater and Wastewater Research Center (WWRC), Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.0000-0002-0442-0841MandanaAkiaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, EdinburgJournal Article20170428The degradation of an industrial wastewater (Tire Cord factory) with low BOD5/COD ratio (0.1-0.2) was investigated using advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (i.e. hydrogen peroxide, UV/H2O2, O3/H2O2 and UV/O3/H2O2 treatments). In order to investigate the effects of influential variables on the process performance, four independent factors involving two numerical factors (initial H2O2 concentration and initial pH) and two categorical factors (ozonation and UV irradiation) were selected. The process was modeled and analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The region of exploration for the process was taken as the area enclosed by initial H2O2 concentration (0-20 mM) and initial pH (3-11) boundaries at three levels. For two categorical factors (ozonation and UV irradiation), the experiments were performed at two levels (with and without application of each factor). Two dependent parameters (TCOD removal and BOD5/COD ratio) were studied as the process responses. As a result, initial H2O2 concentration showed a reverse impact on the responses; an increasing effect at low concentrations (0-10 m mol/l) and a decreeing effect at higher concentrations (10-20 m mol/l). The maximum and minimum the responses were obtained at H2O2 concentration of 10 and 20 mmol/l and initial pH 3 and 11, respectively. O3/UV/H2O2 system showed better performance with 32 % for TCOD removal efficiency and 0.41 for BOD5/COD ratio.https://arww.razi.ac.ir/article_777_c244cce5b804041f20e1fc14199d971b.pdfRazi UniversityJournal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater2476-62834120170601Studying the efficiency of anaerobic stabilization pond on removing BOD and COD and changing the sulfur compounds in wastewater of Oil Refine33133377910.22126/arww.2017.779ENYonusYosofiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.AliAlmasiDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Seyyed AlirezaMousaviDepartment of Environmental Health Engineering, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.Journal Article20170430Oil refinery wastewater as the most polluting industrial wastewater contain various hydrocarbons and sulfur with its derivatives and can cause problems in biological systems by the production of sulfuric acid. Variations of amount of sulfur depending on bioreactor condition such as temperature, pH, microbial activity and other factors. This study focused on determining variations of sulfur in anaerobic ponds for treatment of oil refinery wastewater. Samples were taken every 6 days during eight consecutive months and the type of sampling was 24-hour composite. This means that each sample is composed of 12 samples in 24 hours. 40 samples were taken from inlet and outlet of anaerobic stabilization pond for measuring sulfate, sulfide and sulfur, so a total of 240 samples were analyzed in this study. The results of the study showed that removal efficiency of COD and BOD were obtained 43 % and 24 %, respectively. Variations of sulfide and sulfur were obtained 4 % and 44 %, which increase respectively, but for sulfate have shown 15.8 % reduction. It can be said that sulfate-reducing bacteria have had significant activity to produce sulfide and sulfur form and decrease of the amount of sulfate in bioreactor.https://arww.razi.ac.ir/article_779_13c9fb5aca9cb7ea76bba56616c47e6b.pdf