Behrang Beiranvand; Mehdi Komasi
Abstract
The performance of dams due to high operating costs and irreparable damages caused by failures in the construction phase and during the dewatering and exploitation period should verified and monitored by proper behavioural analysis. Dewatering the dams will result in the saturation of the embankment ...
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The performance of dams due to high operating costs and irreparable damages caused by failures in the construction phase and during the dewatering and exploitation period should verified and monitored by proper behavioural analysis. Dewatering the dams will result in the saturation of the embankment and supports and, consequently, the reduction of the stability coefficient. Therefore, in order to allow an earth dam to tolerate the new conditions easily and without problems, the rate of dewatering should be within the range. In this study, pore water pressure in the body of Eyvashan earth dam was evaluated. The water level inside the clay core due to changes in the reservoir water level during the first dewatering and using the actual specifications of the materials by Geostudio and Plaxis software and compared with the results of the instrumentation in the dam body. In order to adapt the observed and predicted data, a multi-variable regression was used and the coefficient of determination was used and respectively the value of R2=0.9834 and R2=0.9863 was obtained which shows a very good agreement between the observed and predicted data. Indicating that the cache water pressure values and their occurrence are in good agreement with the initial design conditions and that the barrier behaviour is stable in terms of pore water pressure. Installed piezometers upstream of the core show a higher pressure than the downstream, due to the high saturation state of the phreatic line. Also, the height of pressure in the downstream of cut off in the results of numerical modelling and in the observed results has suddenly decreased, which indicates the correct function of the injection cut off.
Mohammad Ali Izadbakhsh; Reza Hajiabadi
Abstract
In the article, through the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), a sensitivity analysis is conducted on the variables affecting the discharge capacity of the weir. To this end, the variables affecting the discharge capacity of labyrinth weirs are initially identified. Then, using these input ...
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In the article, through the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS), a sensitivity analysis is conducted on the variables affecting the discharge capacity of the weir. To this end, the variables affecting the discharge capacity of labyrinth weirs are initially identified. Then, using these input parameters, seven ANFIS models are developed for conducting the sensitivity analysis. After that, the most optimal membership function number for the ANFIS model is chosen. In other words, by conducting the trial and error process, the best number of the membership functions in terms of time and modeling accuracy are selected. Then, the sensitivity analysis is performed for the ANFIS models and the superior ANFIS model is chosen finally. The accuracy of the superior model in both the validation and testing artificial intelligence (AI) methods is in an acceptable range. For example, the scatter index (SI), correlation coefficient (R) and the Nash-Sutcliff efficiency coefficient (NSC) for the model in the testing mode are obtained 0.049, 0.964 and 0.924, respectively. It should be noticed that the outcomes of the sensitivity analysis show that the ratio of the weir head to the weir crest and the Froude number are introduced as the most effective input parameters. Eventually, a computer code is proposed to estimate the discharge capacity of labyrinth weirs by this model.
Bita Daneshparvar; Saeed Rasi Nezami; Atabak Feizi; Reza Aghlmand
Abstract
Zoning of flood hazards in a dam catchment plays an essential role in water resources planning and management. In the present study, nine lithogenic and anthropogenic parameters including slope, elevation, curve number, distance to river, rainfall, geology, soil texture, Normalized Difference Vegetation ...
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Zoning of flood hazards in a dam catchment plays an essential role in water resources planning and management. In the present study, nine lithogenic and anthropogenic parameters including slope, elevation, curve number, distance to river, rainfall, geology, soil texture, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and land use are used to achieve a flood hazard map in downstream of Sabalan dam basin in Ardabil province, Iran. After categorizing the criteria, the layers were weighted by two multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) methods including analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and analytic network process (ANP). The results showed that among the factors affecting flood formation in the study basin by AHP method were the elevation and slope factors with the weights of 0.31 and 0.18 respectively, have the highest effect; however, curve number and distance to river factors with the weights of 0.04 and 0.02 have the lowest effect. Similarly, in the ANP method, the elevation and slope factors with the weights of 0.30 and 0.21 respectively, have the highest effect and the curve number and distance to river factors with the weights of 0.02 and 0.006 have the lowest impact on flood hazard potential in the study area. The results obtained in this study can be useful in achieving sustainable management of water resources.
Hossein Bonakdari; Gislain Lipeme-Kouyi; Girdhari Lal Asawa
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 51-56
Abstract
The developing turbulent flow in an open channel is a complex three-dimensional flow influenced by the secondary currents and free surface effects and is, therefore, not amenable to analytical solution. This paper aims to study the impact of three key hydraulic parameters (relative roughness, the Froude ...
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The developing turbulent flow in an open channel is a complex three-dimensional flow influenced by the secondary currents and free surface effects and is, therefore, not amenable to analytical solution. This paper aims to study the impact of three key hydraulic parameters (relative roughness, the Froude number and the Reynolds number) on the establishment length using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis. CFD analysis is based on the use of the ANSYS-CFX commercial code. The CFD strategy of modelling is validated against experimental velocity distribution in a cross-section and a good agreement is achieved. A dimensionless length is suggested for predicting the length of the developing flow zone for rectangular open channel. A linear relationship has also been developed for assessing the establishment length.
Ehsan Yarmohammadi; Fariborz Yosefvand; Ahmad Rajabi; Saeid Shabanlou
Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, the discharge coefficient of triangular plan form weirs is simulated by the extreme learning machine (ELM). ELM is one of the powerful and rapid artificial intelligence methods in modeling complex and non-linear phenomena. Compared to other learning algorithms such ...
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In this paper, for the first time, the discharge coefficient of triangular plan form weirs is simulated by the extreme learning machine (ELM). ELM is one of the powerful and rapid artificial intelligence methods in modeling complex and non-linear phenomena. Compared to other learning algorithms such as back propagation, this model acts rapidly in the learning process and provides a desirable performance in processing generalized functions. In this study, the Monte Carlo simulation is used for examining capabilities of numerical models. Also, the k-fold cross validation method with k=5 is utilized for evaluating abilities of the ELM models. Then, six ELM models are introduced by means of the parameters affecting the discharge coefficient of triangular plan form weirs. After that, the superior model is identified by analyzing the results of the mentioned models. The superior model predicts discharge coefficient values with reasonable accuracy. This model simulates the discharge coefficient as a function of the flow Froude number, vertex angle of the triangular plan form weir, the ratio of weir length to its height, the ratio of flow head to weir height and the ratio of channel width to weir length. For the best model, the Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Square Error and determination coefficient are computed 1.173, 0.012 and 0.967, respectively. Furthermore, examination of the influence of the input parameters indicates that the flow Froude number is the most influenced factor in modeling the discharge coefficient. Also, the error distribution showed that roughly 86 % of the superior model results had an error less than 2 %. Furthermore, a practical equation was provided to compute the discharge coefficient.
Maryam Hafezparast Mavadat; Seiran Marabi
Abstract
Surface water quality is of particular importance due to its drinking, industrial, and agricultural water sources. Changes in rainfall, temperature and river discharge can affect surface water quality. In this study, the effect of CANESM2, FIO, GFDL, MIROC climate models and weight composition model ...
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Surface water quality is of particular importance due to its drinking, industrial, and agricultural water sources. Changes in rainfall, temperature and river discharge can affect surface water quality. In this study, the effect of CANESM2, FIO, GFDL, MIROC climate models and weight composition model of CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) under representative concentration pathways (RCP) of 4.5, 6, 8.5 scenarios on rainfall and temperature were investigated and then monthly discharge of the Aran river in Iran during 2020-2052 and 2053-2085 is predicted using the IHACRES runoff model. Next, the LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory network)-RNN (Recurrent Neural Networks) model were used to predict the total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) for the period 2020-2030. The results showed that the long-term monthly rainfall under the RCP8.5 scenario reported a further decrease compared to the RCP4.5 and RCP6, and the rainfall fluctuations were higher than the other two scenarios. Temperature changes in the second period are higher than the first period, so that in the first period under the scenarios of RCP4.5, RCP6 and RCP8.5 showed respectively 1, 1.5 and 2 degrees Celsius increase, while in the second period, 2, 3 and 4 degrees Celsius is predicted. The average discharge shows by 15.8 % and 20.97 % respectively decrease under the RCP4.5 scenario in the first and second periods, while by 8.51 % and 27.55 % under the RCP6 scenario and 6.38 % and 39.89 % under the RCP8.5 scenario compared to the observed discharge. The mean, maximum, and minimum TDS parameters under RCP4.5 scenario are, respectively, 295, 410, and 263, and 302, 410, and 257 under RCP6 scenario while 292, 410, and 257 mg, for RCP8.5 scenario. These changes are, respectively, 0.42, 0.93 and 0.14 for the SAR parameter in RCP4.5 scenario, and equal to 0.44, 0.94 and 0.1 in scenario 6, while 0.42, 0.93 and 0.15, respectively, for RCP8.5 scenario in Khorramrood river.
Parviz Mohammadi; Shaliza Ibrahim; Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 98-102
Abstract
The hydraulic characteristic of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket fixed film (UASB-FF) were studied by changing two important hydraulic factors that can impact significantly on the hydraulic regime of the UASB-FF bioreactor: the Up-flow velocity (Vup) and biogas production rate (Qg). The analysis of ...
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The hydraulic characteristic of an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket fixed film (UASB-FF) were studied by changing two important hydraulic factors that can impact significantly on the hydraulic regime of the UASB-FF bioreactor: the Up-flow velocity (Vup) and biogas production rate (Qg). The analysis of the reactor hydraulic performance was performed by studying hydraulic residence time distributions (RTD) obtained from tracer (Rhodamine B) experiments. The region of exploration for the process was taken as the area enclosed by Vup (0.5 and 3.0 m/h) and Qg (14.87 and 7.96 l/d). Three dependent parameters viz. deviation from ideal retention time ( , dead volume percentage and Morrill dispersion index (MDI) were computed as response. The maximum and dead volume percentage were 33.58 min and 26 % at Vup of 0.5 m/h and Qg of 14.87 l/d, respectively. While, the minimum responses (4.15 min and 19.3 %) were obtained at Vup of 3.0 m/h and Qg of 7.96 l/d, respectively. The values of MDI computed at the minimum and maximum Vup and Qg are identified as 11.33 and 10, respectively, showing that the hydraulic regime in UASB-FF bioreactor is a semi-complete mixing.
Akram Fatemi; Zahra Eskandari; Mohammad Bagher Gholivand; Mahboubeh Zarabi
Abstract
Corrosion control is an important parameter to supply safe drinking water considered by the World Health Organization. This study is intended to determine the scaling and corrosion potentials of drinking water in rural distribution networks during 2009-2017 in different climate zones of Kermanshah province, ...
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Corrosion control is an important parameter to supply safe drinking water considered by the World Health Organization. This study is intended to determine the scaling and corrosion potentials of drinking water in rural distribution networks during 2009-2017 in different climate zones of Kermanshah province, Iran. The most commonly used corrosion indices, Langelier saturation index (LSI), Ryznar stability index (RSI), Puckorius scaling index (PSI), aggressive index (AI), and Larson–Skold index (L-SI), were calculated. Statistical analysis was executed to examine the significant differences in water corrosion and scaling indices between different climate zones. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in water chemical characteristics related to corrosion and scaling potentials between different climate zones (except temperature). Statistical analysis also indicated significant differences in water corrosion and scaling indices (P <0.001) between different climate zones. The lowest average amounts of LSI (0.06), AI (12.13), and L-SI (0.06), and the highest values of RSI (7.44) and PSI (7.11) were observed in moderate humid climate zone. Also, the highest values for LSI (0.39), and L-SI (0.15) were related to warm semi-arid climate zone. Based on water characteristics in various climate zones, LSI and RSI were chosen as good indices for corrosion or scaling of water corrosion potential in different climate zones. The results indicated that there is a weak tendency towards corrosion for warm semi-dry climate zones in contrast to the other climate zones that have higher corrosion potentials for Kermanshah Province under the conditions of this study, or maybe related to local water quality characteristics among climate zones.
Sahar Hanifeh Dokht; Maghsud Solimanpur; Reza Babazadeh
Abstract
Integrated water resources management is a systematic process for sustainable development, allocation and monitoring of water resources that is used for social, economic and environmental purposes. In this study, a multi-period mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for urban water supply network ...
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Integrated water resources management is a systematic process for sustainable development, allocation and monitoring of water resources that is used for social, economic and environmental purposes. In this study, a multi-period mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model for urban water supply network management is proposed. The proposed model considers all echelons of water supply chain from supply centers to wastewater treatment centers. Also, the model optimizes the decisions such as selecting the suitable water supply centers and capacity level optimization. To verify and validate the proposed model a real case study is conducted in Urmia. The model is solved by the General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) software and its results have been analyzed. According to the results, the optimal water supply centers, optimal water flow, optimal water inventory, and optimal capacity levels of wastewater treatment centers in different periods are determined. Also, in case of transferring the remaining additional treated water to Urmia lake, its level is increased by about 0.007 cm.
Palanikumar Selvapandian; Kanakkan Ananthakumar; Arulsamy Cyril
Volume 2, Issue 2 , December 2015, , Pages 143-149
Abstract
Environmental pollution caused by industrial effluents is an important issue. Biosorption of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution using pearl millet powder (PMP) was investigated in a batch mode. The use of pearl millet powder was as an additional substitution of activated carbon for the adsorption ...
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Environmental pollution caused by industrial effluents is an important issue. Biosorption of crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution using pearl millet powder (PMP) was investigated in a batch mode. The use of pearl millet powder was as an additional substitution of activated carbon for the adsorption of CV from its aqueous solution. The adsorbent pearl millet powder was productively used for the biosorption of dye from its aqueous solution. The effect of initial concentration for CV, sorption time, dose of adsorbent, pH and temperature on dye removal were studied. The equilibrium sorption isotherms have been analyzed by the Freundlich, Langmuir and Temkin models. Sorption kinetic is quick and the data agree well with pseudo-first order kinetic model. But the kinetics studies were provided with Pseudo second order. The adsorption capacity (Qo) of PMP was found to be 48.535 mg/g. Thermodynamic parameters such as the free energy change (∆Go), enthalpy change (∆Ho) and entropy change (∆So) were determined from Van’t Hoff plot. The data reported shows the adsorption process is endothermic in nature.
Akbar Safarzadeh; Seyed Hossein Mohajeri
Volume 3, Issue 1 , June 2016, , Pages 188-192
Ali Ahmadpour; Mohammad Zabihi; Tahereh Rohani Bastami; Masoomeh Tahmasbi; Ali Ayati
Volume 3, Issue 2 , December 2016, , Pages 236-240
Azam Akhbari; Amir Hossein Zaji; Hamed Azimi; Mohsen Vafaeifard
Abstract
Weirs are installed on open channels to adjust and measure the flow. Also, discharge coefficient is considered as the most important hydraulic parameter of a weir. In this study, using the Radial Base Neural Networks (RBNN) and M5' methods, the discharge coefficient of triangular plan form weirs is modeled. ...
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Weirs are installed on open channels to adjust and measure the flow. Also, discharge coefficient is considered as the most important hydraulic parameter of a weir. In this study, using the Radial Base Neural Networks (RBNN) and M5' methods, the discharge coefficient of triangular plan form weirs is modeled. At first, the effective parameters in the prediction of the discharge coefficient are identified. Then, by combining the input parameters, for each of the RBNN and M5' methods, six different models are introduced. By analyzing the modeling results for all models, it was shown that the M5' model is capable of modeling the discharge coefficient more accurately. Also, based on the modeling results, a model that considered the impact of all input parameters was introduced as a superior model. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and correlation coefficients (R2) values for the preferred model in the test mode were calculated 2.774 and 0.831, respectively. Also, for each of the M5' models, some relationships were proposed to estimate the triangular plan form weirs. The evaluation of these relationships showed that the parameters of the ratio of head over the weir to channel width (h/B) and Froude number (Fr) were the most effective parameters in the prediction of the discharge coefficient.
Hamid Najaf Zadeh; Karim Hosseinzadeh Dalir; Mohammad Reza Pourmohammadi
Abstract
Supply and maintenance of urban drinking water utilities are the most important priorities of people in the world especially in urban areas and it is very clear for urban planners or decision makers to evaluate the costs of action or weigh them against the problems of inaction. Also, specific annual ...
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Supply and maintenance of urban drinking water utilities are the most important priorities of people in the world especially in urban areas and it is very clear for urban planners or decision makers to evaluate the costs of action or weigh them against the problems of inaction. Also, specific annual budget is essential for ensuring people welfare and using water utilities with good quality. There are different issues in relation to managing of urban water utilities in terms of cultural, social, physical, environmental and even political and it is necessary to assess the existing conditions of utility by authorities and experts for making decision about those applications. So, we introduce Performance Benchmarking method for reaching this aim. This method is one of the best and update solutions in analyzing drinking water utility in developed countries especially in United State of America. So, in this paper, seven drinking water utilities of United State have been compared with Tabriz metropolitan drinking water utility that is located in North West of Iran and results of indicators’ performance have been comparatively explained. Also, Results show that Tabriz metropolitan drinking water utilities are low advanced in terms of many indicators’ performance than seven United States drinking water utilities. But, in some indexes almost equal to and in certain other cases are advanced than it. However, this methodology is very effective for decision makers, responsible and other experts in all regions and this model can be applied for other cities and urban areas.
Majid Heydari; Shima Abolfathi; Saeid Shabanlou
Abstract
There are found numerous methods to measure flow in open channels. The simulation of water flow in channel requires mathematic calibration of the structures in channel so that the water level and the discharge become compatible with demand. Sluice gate is one of the most important structure which can ...
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There are found numerous methods to measure flow in open channels. The simulation of water flow in channel requires mathematic calibration of the structures in channel so that the water level and the discharge become compatible with demand. Sluice gate is one of the most important structure which can perform in free and submerged flow. In this research, there were experiments on a sluice gate mounted in lab flume of 12.5 m, 0.6 and 0.65 length, width and height, respectively, in the slope of 0.0002. Some equations of measuring the discharge from the sluice gate extracted from Energy equations and Momentum were calibrated using two metaheuristic algorithms of simulated annealing and ant colony. After the sensitivity analysis of algorithm was done, the optimal coefficients of discharge obtained for the Conventional equation of discharge in free and submerged flow was obtained 0.686, and 0.881. Also, in calibration of Energy-Momentum method for submerged flow, the optimal contraction coefficient was 0.533. finally, the methods were assessed and compared for which the statistical indexes show the favorability of results.
Naoyuki Kishimoto; Mari Hatanaka; Yuichi Kinoshita
Abstract
The fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposition onto pipes is a serious problem in wastewater management, especially in restaurants that have a limited space and no expert for water treatment. In this research effects of ozonized water treatment on controlling FOG deposition were discussed using lard as a ...
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The fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposition onto pipes is a serious problem in wastewater management, especially in restaurants that have a limited space and no expert for water treatment. In this research effects of ozonized water treatment on controlling FOG deposition were discussed using lard as a model FOG deposit. Since ozonized water can be produced from tap water with an electrolysis ozonized water generator, ozonized water treatment has a potential to be a compact and easily operable process. A series of batch tests with 24-hours contact time revealed that ozonized water successfully prevented liquid lard from solidifying and enhanced the elution of solid lard. Both functions were proportionally intensified with the increase in ozone consumption. An intermittent ozonized-water flushing with 200-seconds contact time using a model drainpipe, whose inner wall was covered with solid lard, was also effective in removing lard from the drainpipe with the linear relationship between the lard elution and the ozone consumption. The observed ratio of the cumulative mass of eluted lard to the cumulative ozone consumption was 1.15±0.04 mgC/mgO3. Thus, the intermittent flushing of drainpipe with ozonized water was inferred to be an effective option for controlling FOG deposition.
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014
Abstract
Aims and Scope Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater (JARWW) is an open access online journal and completely free-of-charge publishes refereed, original research papers on all aspects of technology of water and wastewater worldwide. A broad outline of the journal's scope includes: Recent ...
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Aims and Scope Journal of Applied Research in Water and Wastewater (JARWW) is an open access online journal and completely free-of-charge publishes refereed, original research papers on all aspects of technology of water and wastewater worldwide. A broad outline of the journal's scope includes: Recent developments on physical, chemical, and biological treatment processes for drinking water and wastewater (agricultural, municipal, industrial). Wastewater treatment processes and energy generation. Water conservation, wastewater minimization, recycle and reuse. Mathematical modeling and simulation of engineered and natural, environmental water and wastewater processes and systems. Theoretical, experimental and computational hydraulics and fluid mechanics in various fields of application (rivers, coasts, environment, structures and industrial flows). Numerical methods in fluid dynamics and their applications to the aeronautics, hydrodynamics, environmental, and power and process fields. Important developments in all aspects of water quality management and pollution control. Effects and impacts of pollution on rivers, lakes, groundwater and marine waters. Water and wastewater-related public health, environmental exposure analysis and risk assessment. Water quality assessment and monitoring for point and non-point pollution. Groundwater remediation, groundwater and surface water management.
Parviz Mohamadi; Liza Ferina; Mohamad Suffian Mohamad Annuar; Shaliza Ibrahim
Abstract
Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) by Trametessp. Pellets was studied in a batch reactor. Dye removal process was performed in shaken flasks which contained 100 ml of RBBR aqueous solution and fungal pellets. The process was followed for 48 h and the dye removal was analyzed at a visible ...
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Decolorization of Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) by Trametessp. Pellets was studied in a batch reactor. Dye removal process was performed in shaken flasks which contained 100 ml of RBBR aqueous solution and fungal pellets. The process was followed for 48 h and the dye removal was analyzed at a visible spectrum of 590 nm. Response surface methodology (RSM) employing Box Behnken design at three factors i.e. initial concentration of RBBR, mass of pellet and pH was used to optimize the decolorization process) with three replicates. Response surface regression showed that the decolorization efficiency was affected by initial RBBR concentration. Mass of pellet and pH in this model were not found to be insignificant for both main and square effects. The dye decolorization varied within the range of 16.81% to 77.91%. The lowest decolorization was achieved in maximum initial concentration dye and pH. While the highest decolorization was observed when low initial dye concentration and pH were used. From the optimization, maximum dye removal efficiency of 67.9% ± 5.43 was achieved at 50 ppm RBBR solution, 4 gram of pellets at pH 5.6.
Rahim Gerami Moghadam; Behrouz Yaghoubi; Mohammad Ali Izadbakhsh; Saeid Shabanlou
Abstract
Generally, Hydraulic jumps usually happen at the downstream of hydraulic structures like ogee spillways. In addition, one of the parameters affecting the proper design of stilling basin is calculation of the hydraulic jump length. In this study, a hybrid method (ANFIS-DE) was proposed for modeling hydraulic ...
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Generally, Hydraulic jumps usually happen at the downstream of hydraulic structures like ogee spillways. In addition, one of the parameters affecting the proper design of stilling basin is calculation of the hydraulic jump length. In this study, a hybrid method (ANFIS-DE) was proposed for modeling hydraulic jumps on sloping rough beds for first time. This approach forecasts values of the jump length by combining the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and the Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm. First, the variables affecting the hydraulic jump length including the ratio of bed roughness, the Froude number, the ratio of sequent depths and the bed slope were identified. Then, by combining the input parameters, five different numerical models were introduced. Furthermore, the k-fold cross validation (k=4) was utilized so as to verifying the numerical models. The results of the analysis of different numerical models indicated that the model with four input parameters (superior model) simulated the length of the hydraulic jump with higher accuracy. For the best model, the mean absolute percent error (MAPE), the correlation coefficient (R) and the root mean square error (RMSE) were predicted 4.875, 0.978 and 0.807, respectively. Finally, two parameters including the ratio of sequent depths and the Froude number were identified as the most important parameters in modeling the hydraulic jump length on sloping rough beds.
Maryam Nazari; Zahra Mohebi
Abstract
Widespread use of pesticides and herbicides, and the contamination in river, lake and sea waters have been become a major environmental concern in recent years. A common example of such herbicides is atrazine and its derivatives, which have been widely used in recent years to control pests in agriculture ...
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Widespread use of pesticides and herbicides, and the contamination in river, lake and sea waters have been become a major environmental concern in recent years. A common example of such herbicides is atrazine and its derivatives, which have been widely used in recent years to control pests in agriculture and improve food production and meet the needs of the global population, which is increasing year by year. Most analytical methods are used to determine pesticides and herbicides in the environment which are usually highly reliable and sensitive, but they are often very complex and require advanced tools, and measurements should be performed directly in a lab. Atrazine electrochemical biosensors based on enzymatic biosensors, immunosensors, and aptasensors are reviewed in this study. For atrazine detection by enzymatic biosensors, tyrosinase commonly is used. Phenols and atrazine are the substrates and inhibitor of this enzyme, respectively. These enzymatic biosensors are based on sensing of decreasing current in the presence of atrazine. Immunosensors based on the analyte size generally categorized into two detection methods including competitive and noncompetitive that both of them were used for atrazine detection. The several aptamer sequences were used for atrazine aptasensing that could detect it in nano and picomolar concentrations.
Mohammad Faryabi; Manouchehr Chitsazan; Alireza Zarasvaandei
Abstract
Alluvial rivers interact mostly with underlying groundwater bodies. These interactions that varies spatially and temporally, have recently received more attentions. This paper aims to evaluate the interaction between groundwater and surface water along the Dez river in the north part of the Dezful-Andimeshk ...
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Alluvial rivers interact mostly with underlying groundwater bodies. These interactions that varies spatially and temporally, have recently received more attentions. This paper aims to evaluate the interaction between groundwater and surface water along the Dez river in the north part of the Dezful-Andimeshk district through developing a numerical simulation. For this purpose, the groundwater flow and river- groundwater interaction were simulated using a mathematical model in MODFLOW/GMS environment. The WetSpass model was used to estimate the groundwater recharge. The cluster analysis method, also, was utilized to identify the different zones of aquifer hydraulic characteristics. The results show that the Dez river has a losing connected nature and recharges groundwater. The river recharge to the aquifer was about 12 MCM during the 2013 and 2014. This recharge varies spatially and temporally and its maximum amount occurs during the 2014 March to June. Furthermore, the recharge rate was affected by the water release pattern from the Dez dam and topographic characteristics of the riverbed sediments. So that the maximum water exchanges occur in areas near the Chamgolak town and Dezful city with an average rate of 3.2 MCM per year.
Matthieu Dufresne; José Vazquez
Volume 1, Issue 2 , June 2014, , Pages 57-60
Abstract
Long-throated flumes are measurement structures often used in water and wastewater systems to determine the flow discharge. The head-discharge relationship of long-throated flumes is traditionally determined following the critical flow theory and the boundary layer concept. After a review of the traditional ...
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Long-throated flumes are measurement structures often used in water and wastewater systems to determine the flow discharge. The head-discharge relationship of long-throated flumes is traditionally determined following the critical flow theory and the boundary layer concept. After a review of the traditional approach and an analysis of the approximate assumptions of the boundary layer approach, this study revisits the energy loss approach as an alternative to the questionable boundary layer concept for the determination of the discharge in long-throated flumes. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used for determining the kinetic energy correction coefficient and the piezometric energy correction coefficient along the throat of the flume (especially in the critical section); CFD is also used for locating the critical section and determining the energy loss between the measurement section and the critical section. A new method based on the kinetic energy correction coefficient, the piezometric energy correction coefficient and the energy loss between the measurement section and the control section is proposed. A step-by-step procedure is given for the head-discharge calculation. It appears that the proposed alternative is a simple and promising method to accurately determine the discharge coefficient.
Nasrin Abozari; Mohammadreza Hassanvand; Amir Hossein Salimi; Salim Heddam; Hossein Omidvar Mohammadi; Amir Noori
Abstract
The frequent occurrences of wet and dry in the catchment area of the Gamasiab river located in the west of Iran, in addition to affecting the quantitative status of surface water, has caused changes in the water quality of the basin. Therefore, modeling and prediction of Gamasiab river water quality ...
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The frequent occurrences of wet and dry in the catchment area of the Gamasiab river located in the west of Iran, in addition to affecting the quantitative status of surface water, has caused changes in the water quality of the basin. Therefore, modeling and prediction of Gamasiab river water quality in wet and dry periods are research priority. In this study, an optimized artificial neural network (ANN) trained with three different optimization algorithms namely; particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA) and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) was proposed for predicting the electric conductivity (EC). For this purpose, water quality data from 1967 to 2017 collected at the hydrometric station in the Gamasiab river were used for developing and testing the models. First, the study program was divided into two periods of wet and dry, this classification based on flow rate in the river. Then, in a preliminary statistical analysis, the effective parameters were determined for EC estimation. The performance of the applied methods showed that the ANN optimized using ICA algorithm was better than the ANN optimized with GA and PSO, and also the standard ANN without optimization. Overall, the ANN optimized with ICA has higher R and lower MARE and RMSE, with values of 11.56, 19.63 and 0.93, during the dry period, and 10.63, 17.19 and 0.97 during the wet period, respectively.
Rasoul Daneshfaraz; Ehsan Aminvash; Reza Mirzaee; John Abraham
Abstract
In this research, the performance of support vector machine in predicting relativeenergy dissipation in non-prismatic channel and rough bed with trapezoidalelements has been investigated. To achieve the objectives of the present study,136 series of laboratory data are analyzed under the same laboratory ...
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In this research, the performance of support vector machine in predicting relativeenergy dissipation in non-prismatic channel and rough bed with trapezoidalelements has been investigated. To achieve the objectives of the present study,136 series of laboratory data are analyzed under the same laboratory conditionsusing a support vector machine. The present study entered the support vectormachine network without dimension in two different scenarios with a height of 1.50and 3.0 cm rough elements. Two statistical criteria of Root Mean Square Error andcoefficient of determination are used to evaluate the efficiency of input compounds.Hydraulically, the results show that at both heights of the rough elements, energydissipation increased with increasing Froude number. The results of the supportvector machine show that the height of the roughness element is 1.50 cm in thefirst scenario, combination number 6 with R2 = 0.990 and RMSE = 0.0129 fortraining mode and R2 = 0.993 and RMSE = 0.032 for testing mode and the heightof the roughness element 3.0 in the second scenario, combination number 6 withR2 = 0.989 and RMSE = 0.0112 for training mode, R2 = 0.994 and RMSE = 0.0224for testing mode are select as the best models. Finally, sensitivity analysis isperformed on the parameters and H / y1 parameter is selected as the most effectiveparameter.
Masoud Hatami; Habibollah Younesi; Nader Bahramifar
Volume 2, Issue 1 , March 2015, , Pages 103-107
Abstract
This work examined the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for the biological conversion rice wastewater into ethanol using co-culture of Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) in batch condition. In this study, The A. niger and S. cerevisiae ...
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This work examined the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process for the biological conversion rice wastewater into ethanol using co-culture of Aspergillus niger (A. niger) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) in batch condition. In this study, The A. niger and S. cerevisiae were used for hydrolysis and production of ethanol from rice wastewater, respectively. The Effects of fermentation parameters such as pH (4, 4.5, 5 and 5.5), temperature (25, 30, 35 and 40 °C), incubation period (12 to 72 h), incubation time (12 to 72 h) and nitrogen source on SSF were evaluated. The results showed that among the optimal parameters of pH 5, temperature 35 oC, incubation period 36 h, incubation time 36 h and nitrogen source of (NH4)2SO4 were obtained in ethanol production by SSF process. Under these optimized conditions, maximum ethanol production and product yield were 16.97 g/l and 0.36 g/g, respectively.
