Houshang Ghamarnia; Zoleikh Palash; Meisam Palash
Abstract
Surface water quality management is very important. Qualitative indicators of water pollution can indicate the trend of quality changes over time and place. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of Golin river using IRWQISC index. For this purpose, the Golin river water was sampled twice ...
Read More
Surface water quality management is very important. Qualitative indicators of water pollution can indicate the trend of quality changes over time and place. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of Golin river using IRWQISC index. For this purpose, the Golin river water was sampled twice a month in a period of one year from May 2019 to April 2020 in Najar village station located in downstream of river. Different parameters which evaluated in this study were DO, pH, BOD5, COD, nitrate, phosphate, electrical conductivity, total hardness and turbidity. The results of the study using the IRWQISC index showed that the range of the index values in the warm months of the year was "between" 30.57 to 32.17 with relatively poor-quality category. While in the cold months of the year the index values obtained "between" 27.36 to 27.83 with poor quality category. In general, according to the results from the annual average of the IRWQISC index, the numerical value was obtained as equal to 29.62, which showed Golin river in poor quality category. The results which presented in this study can be useful for different organization decision to perform their water related projects on Golin river.
Mouhamed Ngounouno Ayiwouo; Felicite Obono Mba; Colins Leprince Kombou; Jules Metsebo
Abstract
This paper assesses the environmental impact of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the Cameroon Real Estate Company (CRE) camp in the "Cité-Verte" district in Yaoundé (Cameroon) and the causes of its malfunction. The study was carried out in two stages. The first stage consisted of ...
Read More
This paper assesses the environmental impact of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) of the Cameroon Real Estate Company (CRE) camp in the "Cité-Verte" district in Yaoundé (Cameroon) and the causes of its malfunction. The study was carried out in two stages. The first stage consisted of describing the wastewater treatment steps of the WWTP, and analyzing the staff interviews in order to determine the causes of malfunction that had been suspected. The second phase consisted of collecting water samples at the entry of the WWTP (P1), inside the WWTP (P2), and at the outlet of the WWTP (P3). This, in order to produce a list of the WWTP's collecting systems, characterize the various types of wastewater (P1 and P2) and the treated wastewater (P3), and then determine the effect of effluent discharges on the environment. Finally, the structural and operational malfunctions of WWTP are identified using the Ishikawa and the Pareto diagrams. The results of water characterization show that the mean values of pH (7.7), EC (1059.3 μS/cm), TDS (524.6 mg/L), T° (23.6 °C), BOD5 (10.8 mg/LO2), NO3- (2.3 mg/L), and fecal coliforms (447.3 CFU/100 mL) are below the acceptable limit values of the Cameroonian standard of treated wastewater discharge. However, the mean values of TSS (269.3 mg/L), PO43- (1661.6 mg/L), K+ (1220.6 mg/L) and Escherichia coli (10133.3 CFU/100 mL) exceed the recommended values set by the Cameroonian standard of treated wastewater discharge. The values of the wastewater parameters at the sampling point P3 are globally lower than those at the sampling point P1 but higher than Cameroon’s standard for PO43- and K+. These results demonstrated that the current system (filters and plants) is appropriate but not optimal. The Pareto diagram reveals that the inadequate plant controls, unfavorable working conditions, lack of maintenance andsystematic control, and outdated equipment represent 20% of the causes responsible for 80% of the WWTP's malfunction. Therefore, the implementation of corrective and preventive measures is essential for better monitoring and determinization of the optimal performance of the WWTP of the CRE camp in the "Cité-Verte".
Mohammad Sadegh Talebi
Abstract
This research was conducted with the aim of investigating temporal and spatial changes in the quality of underground water in Marvast plain in order to be used in planning for these resources. For this reason, the underground water quality data of Marvast Plain was prepared and selected for the research ...
Read More
This research was conducted with the aim of investigating temporal and spatial changes in the quality of underground water in Marvast plain in order to be used in planning for these resources. For this reason, the underground water quality data of Marvast Plain was prepared and selected for the research through the review and test of Run Test and Makos for the statistical period of 21 years (2001 to 2021). By performing trend analysis, the presence of trend in all data was determined and during the implementation of geostatistical methods, the trend was removed. Also, for the implementation of geostatistical methods, half-variable and half-variable cross-plot were chosen and due to the higher R2, lower RSS and stronger spatial structure, the best model was selected, and the exponential model was found to be suitable for most of the parameters. Then RBF, IDW with powers of 1 and 2, normal kriging and normal cokriging were used to perform interpolation. The most accurate method was selected for each parameter with the mutual evaluation method and three error estimation indices MAE, MBE and RMSE. The results showed that the normal cokriging method is the best method for most parameters (cation, anion, Ec, Cl, Ca, K, Mg, Na and TH). For the SAR, So4 and pH parameters, the normal kriging method and for the Na percentage parameter, the radial basis function was found to be the most suitable method. The results showed that the concentration of most parameters has an upward trend from west to east and south to north. Also, with the passage of time, the trend of reducing the quality of underground water was observed.
Hasan Aminirad; Ozeair Abessi; Farshad Golbabaei Kootenaei; Mohammad Amin Mirrezaei; Tahereh Taghizadeh; Pooneh Saeidi; Gholamreza Darvishi
Abstract
Rivers are one of the primary water resources for agricultural, drinking, industrial and environmental applications; thus, assessment of the river water quality has a great significance. This study aims to evaluate the self-purification capacity of the Haraz river and identify critical areas ...
Read More
Rivers are one of the primary water resources for agricultural, drinking, industrial and environmental applications; thus, assessment of the river water quality has a great significance. This study aims to evaluate the self-purification capacity of the Haraz river and identify critical areas with the lack of dissolved oxygen along the river. Also, the QUAL2K model, IRWQI and NSFWQI indexes were applied for the determination of water quality. In this study, primary pollutant sources including urban areas, industrial centers, farmlands and multiple cold-water fish farms that their water usage and discharge have severe consequences on the quality and quantity of the river's stream were identified and located. This model was built and calibrated for four seasons with data from six sampling stations of Haraz river. Based on this study, upstream of Haraz river has adequate self-purification capacity in comparison to its midstream and downstream, especially in the Amol city area, lack of dissolved oxygen was observed and self-purification capacity considerably reduced. The critical areas of Haraz river in spring and winter seasons are downstream and the estuary region, while in summer and autumn, critical areas are increased in Amol city. In general, as the elevation decreases, the water quality decreases. Only in upstream areas (near the Poloor village and before the Chelav station), water quality is in the average condition, but near the Caspian sea, the condition of Haraz river is worrying due to the existence of contamination sources.
Mohammad Sadegh Talebi; Mehran Fatemi
Abstract
Growing water demand in various sectors including agriculture, industry, drinkingwater and eventually increasing production and risk of pollution have imposedmounting pressure on water resources. The relative stability of renewable waterresources makes it necessary to pay special attention to the conservation ...
Read More
Growing water demand in various sectors including agriculture, industry, drinkingwater and eventually increasing production and risk of pollution have imposedmounting pressure on water resources. The relative stability of renewable waterresources makes it necessary to pay special attention to the conservation andoptimal use of these resources, especially in desert areas such as Iran, and thisrequires careful and principle planning for the optimal use of existing waterresources. In this research, a descriptive-analytical method was adopted. The datawere collected from fifteen wells during an 8-year period (2010-2017). TheKolmogorov-Smirnov method was recruited to assess the normality of datadistribution. Also, since the classical data (water quality data) did not take intoaccount the spatial distribution of groundwater quality parameters, we used thegeostatistics for this purpose. The results suggested that the dominant groundwatertype in the Bahadoran region was sodium chloride (NaCl), which is highly volatile.This volatility can be attributed to cationic and anionic exchanges as well as thedissolution of salt and gypsum in the neogene formation of the region. On the otherhand, overexploitation and increasing drainage of agricultural, residential and evenindustrial wastewaters in the plain water resources have drastically influenced thegroundwater quality. In the second period of the studied period (2012-2013), thelevel of maximum classes of most parameters has increased compared to the firstperiod, and these changes have increased with a greater slope in the third period.According to the studies, the most important formations in terms of reservoir rock,feed source of alluvial plains and groundwater quality are lower cretaceouscalcareous sediments of Bahadoran.
Nasrin Abozari; Mohammadreza Hassanvand; Amir Hossein Salimi; Salim Heddam; Hossein Omidvar Mohammadi; Amir Noori
Abstract
The frequent occurrences of wet and dry in the catchment area of the Gamasiab river located in the west of Iran, in addition to affecting the quantitative status of surface water, has caused changes in the water quality of the basin. Therefore, modeling and prediction of Gamasiab river water quality ...
Read More
The frequent occurrences of wet and dry in the catchment area of the Gamasiab river located in the west of Iran, in addition to affecting the quantitative status of surface water, has caused changes in the water quality of the basin. Therefore, modeling and prediction of Gamasiab river water quality in wet and dry periods are research priority. In this study, an optimized artificial neural network (ANN) trained with three different optimization algorithms namely; particle swarm optimization (PSO), genetic algorithm (GA) and imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA) was proposed for predicting the electric conductivity (EC). For this purpose, water quality data from 1967 to 2017 collected at the hydrometric station in the Gamasiab river were used for developing and testing the models. First, the study program was divided into two periods of wet and dry, this classification based on flow rate in the river. Then, in a preliminary statistical analysis, the effective parameters were determined for EC estimation. The performance of the applied methods showed that the ANN optimized using ICA algorithm was better than the ANN optimized with GA and PSO, and also the standard ANN without optimization. Overall, the ANN optimized with ICA has higher R and lower MARE and RMSE, with values of 11.56, 19.63 and 0.93, during the dry period, and 10.63, 17.19 and 0.97 during the wet period, respectively.
Godfred Owusu-Boateng; Victoria Adjei
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 28-34
Abstract
The problems of shortages and quality deterioration of water, have led to an increased interest in the reuse of treated grey water in many parts of the world. This study examined the suitability of locally available materials (beach sand, oyster shells, and charcoal) to treat grey water samples collected ...
Read More
The problems of shortages and quality deterioration of water, have led to an increased interest in the reuse of treated grey water in many parts of the world. This study examined the suitability of locally available materials (beach sand, oyster shells, and charcoal) to treat grey water samples collected weekly from three halls of residence (Unity Hall, Africa Hall, and Independence Hall) on Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) campus for irrigation. Beach sand, oyster shells, and charcoal were employed in the construction of three vertical flow-through filter systems, each consisting of PVC pipes of height 100 cm and internal diameter 5.08 cm. The grey water samples were filtered and the levels of physicochemical parameters (pH, conductivity, TDS and salinity), nutrient and microbial counts determined over a three-week period. Results indicate that the measured physico-chemical parameters treated grey water were within the permissible limits for irrigation water. Also filtration process is effective in reducing phosphate, the total and faecal coliform levels in grey water from the halls of residence. These observations suggest that treated grey water from KNUST campus would support production when used as irrigation water.
Abdollah Taheri Tizro; Maryam Ghashghaie; Pantazis Georgiou; Konstantinos Voudouris
Volume 1, Issue 1 , March 2014, , Pages 40-50
Abstract
Water quality is a worldwide problem which affects human beings lives fundamentally. Water scarcity is intensified in result of quality deterioration. Different factors such as population increase, economic development and water pollution could be considered as the origins of the problem. The study and ...
Read More
Water quality is a worldwide problem which affects human beings lives fundamentally. Water scarcity is intensified in result of quality deterioration. Different factors such as population increase, economic development and water pollution could be considered as the origins of the problem. The study and forecasting of water quality is necessary to prevent serious water quality deteriorations in future. Different methodologies have been used to predict and estimate the quality of water. In present study using time series modeling, the quality of Hor Rood River is studied at Kakareza station using time series analysis. 9 parameters of water quality are studied such as: TDS, EC, HCO3-, SO42-, Mg2+, Ca2+, Na+, pH and SAR. Investigation of observed time series show that there is an increasing trend for all parameters unless Na+, pH and SAR. The order of model for each parameter was determined using auto correlation function (ACF) and partial auto correlation function (PACF) of time series. ARIMA (autoregressive, integrated, moving average) model was found suitable to generate and forecast the quality of river water. AIC, R2, RMSE and VE % criteria were used for evaluating the generation and forecasting results. Results show that time series modeling is quite capable of water quality forecasting. For all generated and forecasted parameters the value of R2 was greater than 0.66 Except for SO42-. The value of R2 for generated SO42- was 0.48 and this value was 0.43 for forecasting this parameter. Also the study show that the quality of water is deteriorating based on an increasing trend for the majority of parameters and needs serious managerial actions.
